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为了给中国未来载人登月任务训练仿真技术预研和模拟器研制方案论证提供借鉴参考,梳理了美和前苏联载人登月任务航天员训练概况、训练模拟器型谱及其应用情况。主要分析NASA航天员训练分类、训练阶段、主要的训练模拟器及其典型的训练情况,简要介绍了前苏联载人登月模拟器的类型。总结了得到的启示,最重要一点是:登月训练应该研制各种类型的训练模拟器,以丰富航天员模拟训练的手段,提高模拟训练的覆盖性。还对未来中国航天训练仿真技术前景进行了展望,包括新型虚拟现实技术因登月飞行和月面驻留任务及环境的特点而得到工程化应用;新型虚拟现实训练仿真技术体系的关键技术主要有自然和谐人机交互技术、真实感力学环境感知仿真技术、人类多感知(视觉、听觉、触觉等)仿真技术等;新型人机交互技术在模拟训练中的应用将更为自然与和谐;新型运动感仿真技术将在模拟训练中得到工程化应用。
In order to provide references for China’s future research on pre-mission simulation of manned lunar rover training and simulator research program, the training profile of astronauts in manned missions to the moon in the United States and the former Soviet Union, the type spectrum of training simulators and their applications were analyzed. Mainly analyzes NASA astronaut training classification, training phase, the main training simulator and its typical training situation, briefly introduces the type of former Soviet manned lunar simulator. Summarized the lessons learned, the most important point is that: lunar training should develop various types of training simulator to enrich the astronaut simulation training means to improve the coverage of simulation training. The prospect of China’s space flight training simulation technology is also prospected in the future, including the application of new virtual reality technology due to the characteristics of moon landing and lunar landing missions and the environment. The key technologies of the new virtual reality training simulation technology system include Natural and harmonious human-computer interaction technology, real-life mechanics and environmental perception simulation technology, and human multi-perception (visual, auditory and tactile) simulation technologies. The application of new human-computer interaction technology in simulation training will be more natural and harmonious. Sense simulation technology will be simulated in the training of engineering applications.