已有的明清史研究,基本上把晚明东林、复社以及清初黄宗羲等人的言行,判定为官僚集团内部的党争和反清的民族斗争,本文则将其从政治史中剥离出来,从知识分子发展史的角度予以重新审视,以期获得一个新的解释,求教于学界。 The existing research on the history of Ming and Qing Dynasties basically determines the words and actions of Donglin, Fu Society and Huang Zongxi in the late Ming Dynasty as the party struggle and anti-Qing national struggle in the bureaucracy, and in this article, it is peeled off from the political history Come out, from the perspective of the history of intellectuals to re-examine, with a view to obtain a new explanation, to teach in the academic community.