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一般意义上的伦理学的一般意义上,善与恶相对立,是伦理评价体系的最一般的范畴。“所谓价值判断是指对事物善或恶的判断”“肯定的价值的承担者,就是善。如果涉及的是否定的价值,那我们就称之为恶”。在日常生活中,对行为、观念的善恶评价无时无刻不在进行着,而这种评价又直接关系到人们行为的价值取向。所以,“明善”就理所当然地成了道德哲学不可回避的核心问题。正如元伦理学创始人摩尔所言:“这就是我们的第一个问题:什么是善的?和什么是恶的?并且我把对这个问题的讨论叫做伦理学,因为这门科学无论如何必须包括它”。
The general sense of ethics in the general sense, the opposite of good and evil, is the most general category of ethical evaluation system. “The so-called value judgment refers to judgments of what is good or bad” “Affirmation of the value of the bearer, is good, if the value is negative, then we call it evil.” In daily life, the evaluation of the good and the evil of behavior and concept is ongoing all the time, and this evaluation is directly related to the value orientation of people’s behavior. Therefore, “fair goodness” has naturally become the unavoidable core issue of moral philosophy. As Moore, the founder of meta-ethics, put it, “This is our first question: What is good? And what is evil? And I call this discussion of the issue ethics because this science must be Include it. ”