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残余应力测定及研究是近年来无损检测和材料科学中较为活跃的一个分支,随着测试手段的改进和工程技术发展的需要,十年来已取得了很大的进展。五十年代起,国际上首先对X射线测定方法进行了大量的研究,逐步提高测定的精确度。六十年代又提出了侧倾法,现正研究测定小半径缺口(如r=1mm)根部的残余应力,裂纹及尖端塑性区的残余应力分布,同时探索了磁性法和超声波法残余应力测定,其研究成果可应用于生产上作为一种重要无损检测手段。
Residual stress measurement and research in recent years, nondestructive testing and materials science is a more active branch, with the improvement of testing methods and engineering needs of the development of technology, has made great progress over the past decade. Since the 1950s, a large number of studies have been conducted on X-ray measurement methods in the world, and the accuracy of measurement has been gradually raised. In the 1960s, a roll method was proposed. The residual stress distribution at the root of the small radius notch (such as r = 1 mm) and the residual stress distribution in the tip plastic zone are being studied. The residual stress of the magnetic method and the ultrasonic method are also explored. The research results can be applied to the production as an important non-destructive testing methods.