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言语行为的研究经历了从理论建构的提出与完善走向具体言语行为研究的过程,而具体言语行为的研究又多集中在少数几个言语行为上,对于数量众多的言语行为来说只是冰山一角。本文以Verschueren的语言顺应论为基础,对鲜有研究的维护言语行为(Defense Speech Act)进行研究,分析其语言现象背后的认知模式,提出维护言语行为作为面子威胁行为的邻近对话轮,在对一定心理因素的考虑后,对心智、社交、物理三个相关语境成分进行顺应,并在语言形式与策略两个层面进行选择,最终以话语形式体现为维护言语行为,以期更好地解释该言语行为的运行机制。
The study of speech acts has gone through the process of proposing and perfecting the theoretical construction to the study of specific speech acts. However, the study of specific speech acts has focused on a few speech acts and is only the tip of the iceberg for a large number of speech acts. Based on Verschueren’s Linguistic Adaptation Theory, this article studies the Defense Speech Act, a study rarely studied, and analyzes the cognitive modes behind its linguistic phenomena. It proposes a dialogial dialogue wheel that maintains speech acts as face-threatening behaviors. After considering a certain psychological factor, the three contextual components of mind, social and physical are to be complied with, and the two forms of language form and strategy are selected. Eventually, the form of discourse is expressed as maintaining the speech act so as to better explain The speech act of the operating mechanism.