一般而言，以往对戊戌变法的研宪，多认为它是一次自上而下的政治变革，关注的重点也较多地集中在少数政治精英和思想理念的层面上。但在中国近代社会发展的总体视角之下，戊戌维新应视为一个多层次的发展系列，而非笼统的一个主次整体。至少，一个是康梁等维新派人士的思想启 In general, in the past, the constitutional review of the Reform Movement of 1898 saw it as a top-down political change with more emphasis on the political elites and ideological concepts. However, under the overall perspective of social development in modern China, the reform of 1898 should be regarded as a series of multi-level development instead of a general primary and secondary overall. At least one is Kai Ling and other new-minded people’s thinking Kai