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Calponin(类肌钙蛋白)是一个肌动蛋白细肌丝相关的调节蛋白,表达在平滑肌细胞和许多类型的非肌细胞中。哺乳动物有Calponin 1、Calponin 2和Calponin 3三个亚型,分别由三个同源基因CNN1、CNN2和CNN3编码,表达于不同的细胞类型,并执行细胞类型特异性的生理功能。除了调节平滑肌收缩功能,Calponin还调节非肌细胞肌动蛋白骨架的功能并参与多种细胞生命活动,如增殖、粘附、迁移、分化、吞噬和细胞融合等。本综述重点讨论Calponin亚型的基因进化、组织和细胞类型特异性表达、结构和功能的关系以及相关的调节机制。
Calponin is an actin thin-filament related regulatory protein that is expressed in smooth muscle cells and many types of non-muscle cells. Mammals have three subtypes of Calponin 1, Calponin 2 and Calponin 3, which are encoded by three homologous genes, CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3 respectively, expressed in different cell types and perform cell-type specific physiological functions. In addition to regulating smooth muscle contractility, Calponin regulates the function of non-muscle actin scaffolds and participates in various cell-life activities such as proliferation, adhesion, migration, differentiation, phagocytosis and cell fusion. This review focuses on the genetic evolution of Calponin subtypes, the tissue-cell type-specific expression, the relationship between structure and function, and the related regulatory mechanisms.