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本文比较系统地讨论了生成语法的语类系统和传统语法的词类系统之间的异同。虽然在生成语法这个极端的句本位理论体系中,传统意义下的词类问题从未成为广受关注的重要议题,但是生成语法有关“词汇语类”(实词)和“功能语类”(虚词)的分类和分析以及对隐性空语类的性质与类型的讨论仍不乏极具参考价值和启发意义的精辟见解。尤其是其跨类词性特征的归纳和概括更是对整个词类理论的突破性实质贡献。用三个基元词性特征“名词性”“动词性”“功能性”来定义和描述八大主要语类的做法不仅清晰地揭示了各个语类的本质内涵,而且精确地呈现了它们之间错综复杂的亲疏关系。对众多跨语言的语法事实也有很强的解释能力。
This article systematically discusses the similarities and differences between the grammatical grammatical system and the traditional grammatical grammatical system. Although the problem of the part of speech in the traditional sense has never been a topic of great concern in generating the extreme sentence-based theoretical system of grammar, the grammatical structure of the “grammatical category” (“real word”) and the “functional category” “The classification and analysis of” (function words) and the discussion of the nature and type of the tacitly speaking categories are still very insightful and valuable insights. In particular, its generalization and categorization of cross-category features is a breakthrough substantive contribution to the theory of the entire Chinese part-of-speech. The practice of defining and describing the eight main categories using the three radical part-of-speech features “noun ” “verb ” “functionality ” not only clearly reveals the essential connotations of each category but also precisely Showing the intricate relationship between them. It also has a strong explanatory power for many cross-language grammatical facts.