论文部分内容阅读
【目的】本研究皆在阐明氮高效水稻源库性状的基本特点。【方法】在大田条件下,于2012-2014年设计了两个试验。2012年和2013年,以染色体单片段代换系遗传群体114个水稻株系为供试材料,依据成熟期吸氮量和产量两个性状将114个株系群体分为6种不同氮效率类型。2014年,在前2两年试验的基础上,以筛选出的氮高效株系(L68)和氮低效株系(L2)为供试材料,研究施氮量对两种氮效率水稻株系产量、源库性状的影响。【结果】1)114个株系群体成熟期吸氮量和产量差异均较大,吸氮量变幅为11.53~27.66 g/m~2,产量变幅为311.74~763.35 kg/666.7 m~2,随着吸氮量的增加,产量呈上升趋势。产量类型与吸氮量类型并不完全一致,高吸氮量是高产的重要基础,但产量还可能受到其他因素的影响;2)氮高效水稻抽穗期叶面积系数(包括有效叶面积、高效叶面积、总叶面积)、成熟期叶面积系数均显著大于氮低效水稻,叶面积构成因子中氮高效水稻绿叶质量明显高于氮低效水稻,但比叶重不同氮效率品种间差异较小;3)氮高效水稻单位面积库容量、单位面积颖花量显著高于氮低效水稻,氮高效水稻单位干质量、单位叶面积和单位氮素库容量大,库容形成能力强;4)氮高效水稻单位叶面积颖花数、单位叶面积籽粒产量大,结实期净同化率高,氮高效水稻“流”畅,叶片光合能力强;5)综合分析表明,库容量对氮素高效吸收影响较大。提高单位氮素库容量有助于提高单位面积库容量。不同施氮水平下,氮高效水稻叶面积系数、库容量、吸氮量和产量均明显高于氮低效水稻,叶面积系数在低氮水平下两者差异最大,其他3个指标以低、中氮差异较大。【结论】氮高效水稻源库指标均优于其他类型,且这一优势在不同施氮量亦是如此。
【Objective】 In this study, the basic characteristics of source-sink characteristics of nitrogen-efficient rice were elucidated. 【Method】 Under field conditions, two experiments were designed in 2012-2014. In the year of 2012 and 2013, 114 rice lines from the genetic line of the single chromosome substitution segment were used as test materials, and 114 lines were divided into 6 different nitrogen efficiency types according to their N uptake and yield traits at maturity . In 2014, on the basis of the first two years of experiments, nitrogen-efficient rice lines (L68) and nitrogen inefficient lines (L2) were selected to study the effect of nitrogen application rate on two nitrogen-efficient rice lines Yield, source library traits. 【Result】 The results showed that: 1) There were significant differences in nitrogen uptake and yield between the 114 lines at maturity, and the range of nitrogen uptake was 11.53-27.66 g / m ~ 2 and the yield was 311.74 ~ 763.35 kg / 666.7 m ~ 2, With the increase of nitrogen uptake, the yield is on the rise. The yield types are not completely consistent with the types of nitrogen uptake. High nitrogen uptake is an important basis for high yield, but the yield may also be affected by other factors; 2) Leaf area efficiency at heading (including effective leaf area, Area and total leaf area) and leaf area at maturity were significantly higher than those of nitrogen inefficient rice. Leaf mass index of green efficient rice was significantly higher than that of nitrogen inefficient rice, but the difference was not significant ; 3) Nitrogen-efficient paddy rice per unit area capacity, the amount of spike per unit area was significantly higher than nitrogen inefficient rice, nitrogen efficient rice unit dry mass, unit leaf area and unit nitrogen storage capacity, storage capacity; 4) nitrogen The leaf area per spike of high-efficient rice was large, the grain yield per unit leaf area was large, the net assimilation rate was high during the grain-filling stage, and the photosynthetic capacity of nitrogen-efficient rice was high and the photosynthetic ability of leaves was high. 5) Comprehensive analysis showed that the nitrogen storage efficiency Absorption greater impact. Increasing the nitrogen storage capacity per unit helps to increase the storage capacity per unit area. Under different nitrogen levels, leaf area coefficient, storage capacity, nitrogen uptake and yield of nitrogen efficient rice were significantly higher than those of nitrogen inefficient rice, leaf area coefficient was the highest under the low nitrogen level, and the other three indicators were low, The difference in nitrogen is larger. 【Conclusion】 The index of source and sink of nitrogen efficient rice is superior to other types, and this advantage is also the same in different nitrogen rates.