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以黄河三角洲南岸故道为研究区,研究湿地土壤中各形式碳、氮含量和氨氧化微生物的分布特征。选择氨单加氧酶基因(amo A)和联氨合成关键基因(hzs B),分别作为氨氧化古菌(AOA)、氨氧化细菌(AOB)和厌氧氨氧化菌(anammox)的分子标记,通过分子生物技术手段,进行定量分析。结果表明,土壤盐度和全碳含量是影响湿地土壤中全氮含量、硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量和氨氧化古菌丰度的主要指标。近海光滩和芦苇(Phragmites australis)—柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)盐沼土壤的铵态氮含量较高,柽柳盐沼土壤的硝态氮含量较高。土壤盐度、全碳和全氮含量由海向陆逐渐增高。油田区盐沼土壤的硝态氮含量在不同深度呈现强变异性,变异系数大于1,在10~20 cm深度土壤中达到1.55。光滩土壤的氨氧化古菌丰度为3.41×108~1.9×104copies/g;油田区盐沼土壤的氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌丰度在0~20 cm深度较高,氨氧化古菌丰度为1.69×108~5.6×105copies/g,氨氧化细菌丰度为1.41×107~1.20×104copies/g,厌氧氨氧化菌分布在30~40 cm深度土壤中,丰度为7.85×105copies/g。柽柳盐沼土壤的硝态氮含量和氨氧化微生物丰度较高,表明该区域是湿地氨氧化反应的活跃区。氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌丰度比值随着盐度降低而降低,氨氧化古菌在0~40 cm深度都检测到丰度,说明氨氧化古菌比氨氧化细菌和厌氧氨氧化菌具有更广阔的生态位。
Taking the old course of the South Bank of the Yellow River Delta as a study area, the distribution characteristics of various forms of carbon and nitrogen and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in wetland soils were studied. Ammonoxygenase gene (amo A) and hydrazine synthesis key gene (hzs B) were selected as molecular markers for AOA, AOB and anammox , Through molecular biotechnology means for quantitative analysis. The results show that soil salinity and total carbon content are the main indexes that affect total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and ammonia oxidizing archaea in wetland soils. The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen in the soils of the coastal shoals and Phragmites australis - Tamarix chinensis were higher than those in the Salix matsudana salt soils. Soil salinity, total carbon and total nitrogen content gradually increased from sea to land. The nitrate nitrogen content of salinized soil in oilfields showed strong variability at different depths with a coefficient of variation greater than 1 and reaching 1.55 in 10-20 cm depth soil. The abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in light beach was 3.41 × 108-1.9 × 104copies / g. The abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in salt marsh soil in oil field was higher at 0-20 cm depth. The abundance ranged from 1.69 × 108 to 5.6 × 105copies / g, and the ammonia oxidizing bacteria abundance was 1.41 × 107-1.20 × 104copies / g. The anammox bacteria were distributed in the depth of 30-40 cm with an abundance of 7.85 × 105 copies / g. The nitrate nitrogen content and ammoxidation microorganism abundance of Salix matsudana soil were higher, indicating that this region is an active area for the ammonia oxidation of wetlands. Ammonia oxidizing archaea and ammonia oxidizing bacteria abundance ratio decreased with the salinity decreased, ammonia oxidizing archaea in the depth of 0 ~ 40 cm were detected abundance, indicating ammoxidation archaea than ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria Has a broader niche.