立体学是应用数学的一个分支,此方法根据对器官和材料的平面测量,而推算其立体结构。立体学方法是多用途的,容易了解,并且应用简便。本文就立体学的技术和概念以及相应的形态测量方法,给形态学工作者作一粗浅介绍。这些方法使研究者能计算体积、面积、数值分布的密度,以及确定形状、计算球体和旋转椭圆体的大小分布。其他内容还包括取样法、对切片的厚度和皱缩的校正法、折叠指数、自动或半自动图形分析,以及根据连续切片作立体重建等。 Stereology is a branch of applied mathematics, which deduces its three-dimensional structure based on a planar measurement of organs and materials. Stereology is multi-purpose, easy to understand and easy to use. This article gives a superficial introduction to morphological workers on the techniques and concepts of stereology and corresponding morphological measurement methods. These methods allow the researcher to calculate the volume, area, density of numerical distribution, and determine the shape, calculate the size distribution of spheroids and spheroids. Other topics include sampling methods, calibration of slice thicknesses and wrinkles, folding indices, automatic or semi-automatic graphic analysis, and three-dimensional reconstruction based on serial sections.