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目的掌握阿坝州58年麻疹的流行病学特征,为制定有效控制策略提供科学依据。方法对阿坝州不同免疫阶段的麻疹流行病学特征进行分析。结果 58年共报告麻疹132 251例,死亡1 966例。大致可分为5个阶段:疫苗接种前期,年均发病率为941.45/10万,年均死亡率为17.11/10万;疫苗接种初期,年均发病率为625.47/10万,年均死亡率为8.51/10万,发病未得到控制;疫苗接种完善期,发病率和死亡率大幅度下降。年均发病率为52.95/10万,年均死亡率0.36/10万。疫苗接种规范期,年均发病率为22.61/10万,年均死亡率0.09/10万。强化免疫期,年均发病率为9.02/10万,无死亡。表明自有效接种疫苗以后,麻疹发病率和死亡率大幅度下降。结论阿坝州消除麻疹取得了明显进展,但仍存在薄弱地区、薄弱人群。需要扎实地落实消除麻疹策略与措施,以提高适龄儿童麻疹疫苗及时、全程接种率为核心,重点地区开展补充免疫活动,加强麻疹监测,做好麻疹疫情调查与处置,并关注小月龄婴儿和成人易感者在麻疹病毒传播中的作用、探讨针对性的策略与措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in 58 years in Aba Prefecture and provide a scientific basis for effective control strategy. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of measles in different immunization phases in Aba Prefecture were analyzed. Results A total of 132 251 measles cases were reported in 58 years, with 1 966 deaths. Can be divided into five stages: pre-vaccination, the average annual incidence of 941.45 / 100,000, the average annual mortality rate of 17.11 / 100,000; early vaccination, the annual average incidence rate of 625.47 / 100,000, the average annual mortality rate 8.51 / 10 million, the incidence has not been controlled; the perfect vaccination period, the incidence and mortality dropped significantly. The average annual incidence was 52.95 / 100,000, with an average annual mortality rate of 0.36 / 100,000. Vaccination normative period, the average annual incidence rate of 22.61 / 100,000, the average annual mortality rate 0.09 / 100,000. Intensified immunization, the average annual incidence of 9.02 / 100 000, no death. Indicating a sharp drop in the incidence and mortality of measles since effective vaccination. Conclusion Obvious progress has been made in eliminating measles in Aba Prefecture, but there are still weak areas and weak people. It is necessary to implement the measles elimination strategies and measures in a down-to-earth manner to improve timely and full coverage of measles vaccine for school-age children, supplement immunization activities in key areas, monitoring of measles, investigation and disposal of measles epidemics, The role of adult susceptible in the transmission of measles virus, to explore targeted strategies and measures.