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黄土丘陵区是我国黄土高原的主体部分,约在东经100°—115°、北纬32°—41°之间广泛分布。海拔起伏于1,000—2,400米上下。从大趋势讲,随着纬度的增加,年平均气温由12℃降至6℃;沿着经度的减小,年降雨量由600毫米减少到300毫米;又因海拔的起伏,也引起水热条件的明显变化。开发甚早,人口较密(50—300人/平方公里),土地利用上单一经营(作物种植业占农业总产值的60—80%),造成地面光秃,年侵蚀模数达5,000—30,000吨/平方公里。生态环境恶化,社会经济贫困,互为因果,恶性循环。为了改善生态环境,振兴社会经济,自五十年代以来,我们在丘陵区的许多地方,先后作过将近30个生产单位或小流域的土地利用配置规划。早期的工作是用传统方法;近年来,在原经验方法基础上应用生态学与系统学的原理与方法,提出一种在土地综合利用配置上建造镶嵌模式的途径。这种模式使防护与生产构成一统一体,所以也称“寓防护予生产”体系。本文主要是讨论这方面的问题。
The loess hilly region is the main part of the Loess Plateau in China. It is widely distributed between 100 ° -115 ° East longitude and 32 ° -41 ° North latitude. Altitude fluctuation in 1,000-2,400 meters up and down. From the general trend, with the increase of latitude, the annual average temperature dropped from 12 ° C to 6 ° C; along with the decrease of longitude, the annual rainfall decreased from 600 mm to 300 mm; and due to the ups and downs of altitude, it also caused hydrothermal Significant changes in conditions. Very early to develop, densely populated (50-300 person / km2), single-use land use (crop cultivation accounts for 60-80% of total agricultural output), resulting in ground bareness with annual erosion modulus of 5,000-30,000 Ton / km2. The deterioration of the ecological environment, social and economic poverty, mutual causal and vicious circle. In order to improve the ecological environment and rejuvenate the social economy, we have made land-use allocation plans for nearly 30 production units or small watersheds in many parts of the hilly area since the 1950s. In the early years, the traditional methods were used. In recent years, the principles and methods of ecology and systematics were applied on the basis of the original methods of experience, and a way of constructing mosaic patterns in the comprehensive utilization of land was proposed. This mode of protection and production constitute a unified body, it is also known as “shelter to production” system. This article is mainly to discuss this issue.