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能源安全是一个国家可持续发展战略的重要组成部分,资源匮乏的日本在二战后因时制宜,高度重视能源安全政策的制定,通过设立一元化能源主管部门、调整能源构成和来源的多元化、政府主导官商结合拓展能源市场、积极开展能源外交等一系列有效措施保障本国能源的安全供应,实现了战后的日本经济奇迹。本文对战后日本的能源安全政策演变从多个维度进行了分析,即战后重建时期、石油危机爆发后及进入21世纪以来的能源安全政策,试图为同处东亚、经济发展迅速、能源需求迫切的中国能源安全政策制定提供一定的启示和借鉴。
Energy security is an important part of a country’s sustainable development strategy. Japan, a resource-poor country, has made timely preparations for post-World War II policies by focusing on the development of energy security policies. By setting up a unified energy authority, Japan has diversified its energy composition and sources, Government-led government officials and businessmen to expand the energy market, actively carry out energy diplomacy and a series of effective measures to protect the security of their energy supply, the realization of the post-war Japan’s economic miracle. This article analyzes the evolution of postwar Japan’s energy security policy from several dimensions. That is, post-war reconstruction, the oil crisis and the energy security policy since entering the 21st century are trying to serve the needs of East Asia, rapid economic development and urgent energy needs China’s energy security policy to provide some enlightenment and reference.