梯度混合器是一种简便而又被普遍应用的仪器。采用离子交换层析柱分离生物大分子时,常需要连续pH梯度或连续离子强度梯度的洗脱液;超速离心制备分离某样品时,也常需要制造连续密度梯度等等。用梯度混合器制造连续梯度的方法有控制容积和控制流速等两种。本文通过数学推导设计几种计算梯度浓度和形状的公式。 Gradient mixer is a simple but widely used instrument. When ion exchange chromatography is used to separate biological macromolecules, continuous pH gradient or continuous ionic strength gradient elution liquid is often required. When ultracentrifugation is used to prepare a sample for separation, it is often necessary to make a continuous density gradient and the like. Gradient mixer to create a continuous gradient method of control volume and flow rate control two. In this paper, we design several formulas to calculate the gradient concentration and shape through mathematical derivation.