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根据“水稻 -玉米”、“西瓜 -水稻”、“烤烟 -水稻”三种优化组合模式 ,与“早稻 -晚稻”浅灌中蓄灌溉为对照 ,通过试验对灌溉用水量、产量、产值和纯收入等进行了对比分析 ,提出了不同组合方式的需水指标和经济效益指标。并建立了农作物优化组合决策模型 ,对湖南省缺水地区 (水稻区“干旱死角”田 )进行了优化计算。结果表明 ,采用农作物优化组合种植模式 ,可节水 41.3 %～ 44.1%。增加产值 5 9.9%～ 13 2 .8% ,提高纯收入 16 1.1%～ 3 99.95 % ,节水高产效果十分显著。试验研究的定量数据和优化决策成果 ,为组织高产优质高效农业 ,合理利用缺水地区的水土资源提供了科学依据。
According to the three optimized combinations of “rice - corn”, “watermelon - rice” and “flue - cured tobacco - rice”, compared with the storage irrigation of “early rice - late rice” Shallow irrigation, the irrigation water consumption, output, Income and other conducted a comparative analysis, put forward different combinations of water demand indicators and economic indicators. The decision-making model of crop optimal combination was established, and the optimal calculation was carried out for the water-deficient area in Hunan Province (“drought dead-end” field in the rice area). The results showed that 41.3% -44.1% water saving could be achieved by using crop combination cropping system. Increase output value 59.9% ~ 132.2%, improve net income 16 1.1% ~ 3 99.95%, water saving and high yield effect is very significant. The quantitative data and the optimal decision-making results of the experimental study provide scientific basis for organizing high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency agriculture and making rational use of water and soil resources in water-scarce areas.