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很多的语法学家都认为,现代汉语的句法和词法有很大的相似性。比如陆志韦先生就谈到:“一个语言片段的内部结构有种种类型,一个类型,单就它的各部分的关系来说,可以是构词法和造句法共有的”。张志公先生也谈到:“汉语各级语法单位组合具有一致性”。王勤、武占坤谈得就更加明确:“句法构词是现代汉语构词法中的主要构词类型”。一般说来,现代汉语复合法构词中,语素和语素之间的关系有联合、偏正、支配、补充、陈述等,这里要讨论的是,两个语素之间表现出一种连动关系,比如:“验收”、“离休”,它们之间不是联合、修饰、支配的关系,也不是补充、陈述的关系,而是一种逻辑上的先后顺序,“验收”是经过检验才接收,“离休”是先离开岗位然后休息。这些词在结构上的特点是两个语素都是动词性的,如果用V_1和V_2分别代替这两个动词性语素,则V_1先于V_2发生,V_2是V_1的后续动作。比如“认领”,“认”是先行动作,“领”是后续动作,“撤换”也是如此,“撤”先发生然后才“换”。那么“批阅”能不能看成是连动关系呢?虽然它也是由两个动词性语素构成,却没有逻辑上的先后次序,就是说V_1“批”应该发生在V_2“阅”之后,至少也得是同时进行,可是并没有“阅批”的说法,因此“批阅”不是连动式构词。
Many grammarians agree that there is a great similarity between syntax and lexism in modern Chinese. For example, Mr. Lu Zhiwei said: “A language fragment of the internal structure of a variety of types, a type, in terms of its various parts of the relationship, it can be the word-building and syntax-making.” Mr. Zhang Zhigong also talked about: “Chinese grammars at all levels have a consistent combination of units.” Wang Qin, Wu Zhankun talk more clearly: “Syntactic word formation is the main word formation in modern Chinese word formation type.” In general, the morphemes and morphemes in modern Chinese compound method words are combined, biased, dominated, supplemented and stated. What is discussed here is that the two morphemes display a kind of interlocking relationship Such as “acceptance”, “retired”, not between them is a joint, modified, dominated relationship, nor is it complementary, the relationship between statements, but a logical order, “acceptance” is received after testing, “Retired” is the first to leave the post and then rest. The structural features of these words are that both morphemes are verb. If V_1 and V_2 are used instead of these two verbs, V_1 will occur before V_2 and V_2 will follow V_1. For example, “claim”, “recognize” is the first action, “collar” is the follow-up action, “replacement” as well, “withdrawal” first occurred before “change.” Then, can “read” be regarded as a connected one? Although it is also composed of two verbal morphemes, there is no logical precedence, that is to say, the V_1 “batch” should occur after V_2 “reading” To be carried out at the same time, but there is no “read”, so “reading” is not a linked word.