在过去很长一段时间内,人们较为普遍地认为,商品经济是社会主义的对立物,形成了一个搞社会主义就不能搞商品经济,一搞商品经济就是搞资本主义的错误的固定观念。因此在经营方式上、管理形式上以至在商业机构的设置上都要服从这个观念。这是十分有害的。事实上,商品经济不能等同于资本主义。商品经济不仅存在于资本主义,早在原始社会末期、奴隶社会初期就有了商品经济的萌芽,有了商品交换,有了专门从事商品交换的阶层——商人阶层。人类社会第三次大分工以后,商品经济已经逐步发展前进入 For a long time in the past, people generally believed that the commodity economy was the opposite of socialism and formed a fixed concept that one should not engage in commodity economy while engaging in a commodity economy and one would engage in capitalism. Therefore, in the mode of operation, the management of the form and even the establishment of commercial organizations have to obey this concept. This is very harmful. In fact, the commodity economy can not be equated with capitalism. Commodity economy not only exists in capitalism. As early as the primitive society, there was a sprout of commodity economy in the early days of slave society. With commodity exchange, there was a class of merchants specialized in commodity exchange. After the third division of labor in human society, the commodity economy has gradually entered into development