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本文主要讨论汉语形容词的配位方式跟其语义特征之间的对应关系。首先,根据形容词的属性表示特性还是关系,把形容词分为描写性形容词和关系性形容词;并且,发现描写性形容词的属性名词是一价的,而关系性形容词的属性名词是二价的。然后,根据形容词所表示的属性值是绝对的还是相对的,把形容词分为绝对性形容词和相对性形容词;并且,发现绝对性形容词一般没有比较性表达,而相对性形容词一般有比较性表达。接着,根据相对性形容词所描述的属性值能否精确地度量,分为模糊性形容词和精确性形容词;并且发现模糊性形容词只能带虚化的数量宾语,而精确性形容词可以带实在的数量宾语。最后,根据形容词是否能够描述人的品性态度、思想感情等方面的属性,把形容词分为述人性形容词和非述人形容词;还推广一步,根据形容词在描述事物时是否以人为参考点,把形容词分为面向人的形容词和非面向人的形容词;并且,发现述人性形容词和面向人的形容词比非述人形容词和非面向人的形容词有更多的句法配位方式。
This article mainly discusses the correspondence between Chinese adjectives’ coordination and their semantic features. First of all, according to the attribute of adjectives, it is divided into descriptive adjectives and relational adjectives according to their attributes. And it is found that the attribute nouns of descriptive adjectives are monovalent, while the attribute nouns of relational adjectives are bivalent. Then, according to whether the attribute values represented by adjectives are absolute or relative, adjectives are classified into absolute adjectives and relativistic adjectives; furthermore, absolute adjectives are generally found not to be comparatively expressive, while relativistic adjectives generally have comparative expressions. Then, according to whether the attribute value described by the relative adjectives can be accurately measured, it is divided into fuzziness adjectives and precision adjectives; and the fuzziness adjectives can only be found with the definitive quantity object, while the precision adjectives can be carried with the real quantity object. Finally, according to whether the adjectives can describe the attributes of human beings such as their attitude toward nature, thoughts and feelings, the adjectives are divided into human and non-human adjectives. One step is also to be promoted. According to whether the adjectives describe human beings as reference points or not, Adjectives are divided into human-oriented adjectives and non-human-oriented adjectives; moreover, it is found that human adjectives and human-oriented adjectives have more syntactic coordination than non-human adjectives and non-human-oriented adjectives.