目的探讨弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)发生机制,提高诊断治疗水平,降低死亡率。方法对我院近三年来48例DAI进行回顾性分析研究。结果本组保守治疗34例,死亡20例。对于DAI伴有脑挫伤、颅内血肿并有中线移位者,予手术治疗。手术治疗14例,死亡8例,本组死亡率为58.3%。结论DAI是重型颅脑损伤的死亡的重要原因,其治疗后果取决于DAI的严重程度。 Objective To investigate the mechanism of diffuse axonal injury (DAI), improve diagnosis and treatment, and reduce mortality. Methods 48 cases of DAI in our hospital in the past three years were retrospectively analyzed. Results The group of conservative treatment of 34 cases, 20 patients died. For DAI accompanied by cerebral contusion, intracranial hematoma and midline shift were surgery. Surgical treatment in 14 cases, 8 cases of death, the group mortality was 58.3%. Conclusions DAI is an important cause of death in severe craniocerebral injury. The outcome depends on the severity of DAI.