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II型DNA拓扑异构酶是一类ATP依赖性酶,能引导双链DNA绕过另一个双链上的缺口来催化基因组DNA拓扑结构的改变。在哺乳动物中,II型DNA拓扑异构酶又分为α和β两个亚型。β亚型高表达于已完成终末分裂并能分化为神经细胞的一类细胞中。近年来,越来越多的研究表明拓扑异构酶IIβ在神经发育中有至关重要的作用。细胞进行终末分裂以后,拓扑异构酶IIβ能够调控决定神经命运的一些特定基因的表达。这些基因主要与神经分化、迁移以及轴突导向等过程相关。本文就近几十年内关于拓扑异构酶IIβ在神经发育中作用的研究进展进行综述。
Type II DNA topoisomerases are ATP-dependent enzymes that direct double-stranded DNA to bypass the nicks on another double-stranded strand to catalyze changes in the topological structure of the genomic DNA. In mammals, type II DNA topoisomerases are subdivided into two subtypes, alpha and beta. The beta subtype is highly expressed in a type of cell that has been terminally divided and differentiated into neuronal cells. In recent years, more and more studies show that topoisomerase IIβ plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment. After cell division, topoisomerase IIβ regulates the expression of specific genes that determine the fate of nerves. These genes are mainly associated with processes such as neural differentiation, migration, and axon guidance. This review summarizes recent progress in the role of topoisomerase IIβ in neurodevelopment in recent decades.