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美国众议院2010年9月高票通过《汇率改革促进公平贸易法案》。作为将汇率问题贸易化的实际举措,《法案》将根本性低估货币视作《补贴与反补贴措施协定》中的出口补贴,力图通过修改美国国内法,采取反补贴的贸易救济措施对中国产品进行征税。根据《中国入世议定书》和美国国内法,对中国输美产品采取反补贴措施具有表面合法性,但是将汇率问题与贸易措施挂钩,必须同时遵循IMF与WTO的规定,美国无权单方面自行设计标准来认定人民币汇率是否被低估;实际上,人民币汇率并不构成《补贴与反补贴措施协定》中的出口补贴。中国应该坚持汇率主权,通过多种途径化解压力,必要时可通过WTO争端解决机制维护合法权益。
US House of Representatives in September 2010 over-votes by the “exchange rate reform to promote fair trade act.” As a practical measure to trade the exchange rate issue, the bill treats the fundamental underestimation of the currency as the export subsidy in the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. It seeks to remedy China’s products by amending the domestic laws of the United States and adopting anti-subsidy trade remedies Taxation. According to the “Protocol to China’s Accession to the World Trade Organization” and the domestic laws of the United States, it has the appearance of legitimacy to take anti-subsidy measures against China’s exports of U.S. products. However, linking the issue of exchange rate with trade measures must follow both the IMF and WTO rules and the United States has no right to unilaterally design Standard to determine whether the RMB exchange rate is underestimated; in fact, the RMB exchange rate does not constitute a “subsidy and countervailing measures Agreement” export subsidies. China should adhere to the exchange rate sovereignty and resolve the pressure through various channels. If necessary, China can safeguard the legitimate rights and interests through the WTO dispute settlement mechanism.