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目的了解农村寄宿制学校学生的食物消费现状,为改善农村学生营养状况提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,抽取13个省共29343名农村寄宿制学校中小学生,采用问卷调查方法收集数据并分析寄宿制学校学生对各种食物的消费情况。结果低收入地区学生平均每日主食、蔬菜、肉类、蛋类、豆类及豆制品、奶类及奶制品、水果和咸菜的消费率分别为92.1%,89.2%,54.6%,20.6%,53.7%,6.2%,12.0%,25.8%;中高收入地区学生分别为94.9%,92.7%,56.3%,40.1%,50.1%,19.8%,18.4%,27.7%。低收入地区学生主食、蔬菜、蛋类、豆类及豆制品、奶类及奶制品、水果和咸菜的消费率显著低于中高收入地区学生。低收入地区寄宿制学校学生近1个月基本不吃肉类、蛋类、奶制品、豆类的比例分别为38.3%,61.1%,79.9%,38.5%;中高收入地区学生近1个月基本不吃肉类、蛋类、奶制品、豆类的比例分别为21.5%,31.0%,61.4%,22.3%。结论农村寄宿制学校学生肉、蛋、奶、豆类、水果的食用率及食用频率都较低,应进一步改善。
Objective To understand the status of food consumption in rural boarding schools and provide scientific basis for improving the nutritional status of rural students. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to collect 29343 primary and secondary school students from rural boarding schools in 13 provinces. Data were collected by questionnaire and the consumption of various foods by boarding school students was analyzed. Results The average daily staple food, vegetables, meat, eggs, beans and soy products, milk and dairy products, fruits and pickles in low-income areas were 92.1%, 89.2%, 54.6% and 20.6% respectively, 53.7%, 6.2%, 12.0% and 25.8% respectively. Middle and high-income students were 94.9%, 92.7%, 56.3%, 40.1%, 50.1%, 19.8%, 18.4% and 27.7% respectively. The consumption rate of staple foods, vegetables, eggs, beans and soy products, milk and dairy products, fruits and pickles in low-income areas was significantly lower than those in middle and high income areas. Students in boarding schools in low-income areas basically did not eat meat, while the proportion of eggs, dairy products and beans was 38.3%, 61.1%, 79.9% and 38.5% respectively in the past month. Students in middle- and high-income areas basically landed for one month Do not eat meat, eggs, dairy products, beans, respectively, the proportion of 21.5%, 31.0%, 61.4%, 22.3%. Conclusion The boarding schools in rural areas have lower consumption and consumption frequency of meat, eggs, milk, beans and fruits and should be further improved.