功能分子在表界面上的自组装是制备分子纳米器件的重要途径.通过对外场因素如电场、磁场、光照与热场等的引入,可以实现对表界面分子组装结构的有效调控.本文从电场对表界面组装结构的调控出发,结合近年来本课题组与国内外的研究工作,概述了电场对组装结构有序度、分子位向、二维乃至三维相转变以及表面反应等方面的研究进展,并展望了该领域的发展趋势. The self-assembly of functional molecules on the surface of the interface is an important way to prepare molecular nanodevices.It can realize the effective regulation on the molecular assembly structure of the interface through the introduction of external field factors such as electric field, magnetic field, light and heat field.In this paper, Based on the regulation of the interface assembly structure and the research work of our group and domestic and foreign researches in recent years, the progress of electric field on the orderliness, molecular orientation, two-dimensional and even three-dimensional phase transition of the assembly structure and the surface reaction are summarized , And looks forward to the development trend in this field.