中药经验鉴别,是几千年来劳动人民鉴别药材的宝贵经验总结,是综合性的,既能区别真伪,也能判断其质量。它不需要特殊设备,操作简便、迅速,易学易懂,切合实际应用。有些经验鉴别法所使用的语言也很形象生动,使人一听就略知药物的全貌。例如在描述海马的外形时称“马头、蛇尾、瓦楞身”,党参称“皮松肉紧、狮子头”,防风的根茎部分称“蚯蚓头”,粉防己断面有“车轮纹”,苍术断面有“朱砂点”,天麻顶芽称“鹦哥嘴”。又如乌梅、木瓜以味酸(含有机酸)者为佳;黄连、黄柏以色愈黄,味愈苦(含小檗碱)为佳;肉桂以富油性、香气浓、味甜辣(含挥发油)为佳;丹皮以皮细肉厚,亮星(丹皮酚结晶)多者为佳。 The identification of experience in traditional Chinese medicine is a valuable experience summary for the working people in identifying medicinal materials for thousands of years. It is comprehensive and can distinguish authenticity and quality. It does not require special equipment. It is easy and quick to operate, easy to learn and understand, and practical. Some of the language used in the discriminating method is vivid and vivid, so that one can understand the full picture of the drug as soon as he hears it. For example, in the description of the appearance of the hippocampus, it is called “horse head, snake tail, and corrugated body”. The Dangshen said “Pichong is tight and the head of a lion”, the wind-resistant root part is called “toutou”, and the powder has its own “wheel pattern”. There is a “Cinnabar Point” on the cross section, and the top bud of Tianma is called “Panda’s Mouth”. Another example is Wumei, papaya with acid (including organic acid) is better; Coptis, Phellodendron yellow color, taste more bitter (including berberine) is better; cinnamon with oily, aroma, sweet and spicy (including Volatile oil) is preferred; Dan Pi is thick and fleshy, bright stars (paeonol crystalline) is better.