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四、铁道电气化不论是高速 TGV 动车,或是牵引20000 t 总最的南非重载列车,还是1982年圣诞之夜运送156万名旅客的香港地铁,都采用了电力牵引。电力牵引是铁路技术革新的一个方面,是由固体物理学在电力设备方面如二极管、品闸管以及功率晶体管等的应用产生的结果,这些器件使交流制电力牵引的巨大进步成为可能。1955年英国铁路首先在较大范围内推行交流电气化计划,机车是采用汞弧整流器将变压器输送来的交流电转换成牵引电机所需的直流电,并通过变压器线圈机械的调换抽头实行功率控
IV. Electrification of Railways Electric traction has been used in both high-speed TGV and South Africa heavy-haul trains, which tow 20,000 t of the total, or Hong Kong’s Subway, which transported 1,560,000 passengers on Christmas Eve in 1982. Electric traction is one aspect of railway technological innovation that results from the use of solid state physics in electrical equipment such as diodes, thyristors and power transistors that make tremendous advances in AC traction. In 1955, British Railways firstly implemented the AC electrification plan in a large area. The locomotive used the mercury arc rectifier to convert the alternating current supplied by the transformer into the direct current required by the traction motor and implemented the power control through the tap changer of the transformer coil