一、前言热电材料是指具有特殊热电性能,用来制造热电偶温度传感器的感温元件或制造温差发电器和温差致冷器的换能元件的一大类功能变换材料。这些材料的功能原理虽然都是热电效应,由于具体应用不同,性能要求各异,又可再分为热电偶材料和温差电材料两类。众所周知,热电偶是目前应用最广的一种温度传感器。其工作原理是基于塞贝克热电效应,即由两种不同的导体组成闭合热电回路,当两个接点处在不同的温度时,回路中有热电流流动。当回路断开而不闭合时,在断开的回路两端出现一个电动势E_(ab)(T,T_0),它是两接点的温度T和T_0的函数,也与组成回路的两种导体的材质有关(如图1)。当T_0置于 I. Introduction Thermoelectric materials refer to a large class of functional conversion materials that have special thermoelectric properties and are used to make temperature sensing components for thermocouple temperature sensors or transducing components for manufacturing thermoelectric generators and temperature difference refrigerators. Although the functional principle of these materials are all thermoelectric effect, due to different specific applications, different performance requirements, but also can be divided into two types of thermocouple materials and thermoelectric materials. As we all know, thermocouple is the most widely used temperature sensor. Its working principle is based on the Seebeck thermoelectric effect, which is composed of two different conductors closed thermoelectric circuit, when the two contacts at different temperatures, the circuit has a thermal current flow. When the circuit is open and not closed, an electromotive force E_ (ab) (T, T_0) appears across the open circuit as a function of the temperature T and T_0 of the two contacts, Material related (Figure 1). When T_0 is placed