通过对云南景谷盆地及陇川盆地新生代生物群特征的对比,探讨了新生代两大盆地环境演变:早中新世到上新世为湖盆发展期→湖盆扩大→萎缩期,气候为早期的干燥→中新世早期的温暖湿润→中新世中晚期的寒冷阴湿→上新世的干燥,而中新世中晚期湖盆的扩大形成的半深湖-深湖环境为油气的形成提供了有利条件。尽管两大盆地在沉积环境的演化上大体一致,但气候和沉积环境的演变和差异决定了两大断陷盆地生物面貌上的差异,从而直接控制了化石燃料形成的类型和质量 By comparing the characteristics of the Cenozoic biota in the Jinggu basin and the Longchuan basin in Yunnan Province, the environmental evolution of two Cenozoic basins was explored: the Early Miocene to the Pliocene were the development of the lake basin → the expansion of the lake basin → the shrinkage period. The climate was Early dry → warm and humid in the early Miocene → cold and wet in the middle and late Miocene → dry in the Pliocene, while the semi-deep lacustrine-deep lacustrine environment formed by the extension of mid-late Miocene lacustrine basin is oil and gas The formation provided favorable conditions. Although the two basins are generally consistent in the evolution of sedimentary environment, the evolution and differences in climate and sedimentary environment determine the differences in the biological aspects of the two major faulted basins and thus directly control the type and quality of fossil fuel formation