一、允许和鼓励形成不同的学派这有两种情况:一种是马克思主义经济学和非马克思主义经济学(或西方经济学)两种不同学派的存在。尽管共产党领导的社会主义国家,强调以马克思主义为指导,但不能保证人人都真正信仰马克思主义。事实上有人不赞成和否定马克思主义经济学,推崇和信仰西方经济学。改革开放中的中国不会也不可能再采用行政命令手段或用大批判方法去“统一”人们的经济思想。而且这两种学派既有相互对立的一面,又有可以相互借鉴与补充的一面。学术思想和理论认识的分歧,只能通过遵循思想认识规律的途径去处理和解 First, to allow and encourage the formation of different schools there are two situations: one is the existence of two different schools of Marxist economics and non-Marxist economics (or Western economics). Although the socialist countries led by the Communist Party emphasize the guidance of Marxism, it can not be guaranteed that everyone truly believes in Marxism. In fact, some people disapprove of and deny Marxist economics, respected and believed in Western economics. China in the process of reform and opening up will not and can no longer use administrative orders or big criticism to “unify” people’s economic thinking. Moreover, the two schools have the opposite sides as well as the sides that can learn from each other and complement each other. Disagreements between academic thinking and theoretical understanding can only be solved by following the law of ideological understanding