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在系统合金科学框架中建立有关无序合金的平均摩尔性质(体积和势能)的函数。通过对这些函数进行推导,可以得到平均摩尔体积函数、偏摩尔体积函数及派生出与成分相关的函数。在组元的偏摩尔性质和平均摩尔性质之间的普适方程、差分方程、在偏摩尔性质和平均摩尔性质之间不同参数的约束方程和普适的Gibbs-Duhem公式。可以证明从合金平均摩尔性质的不同函数计算的偏摩尔性质是相等的,但总体来说偏摩尔性质不等于给定组元的平均摩尔性质,即偏摩尔性质不能代表相应组元的摩尔性质。通过计算Au-Ni系中组元的偏摩尔体积和平均原子体积以及合金的平均原子体积,证明所建立的公式和函数的正确性。
The function of the average molar properties (volume and potential energy) of the disordered alloys is established in the systematic alloy science framework. By deriving these functions, we get the average molar volume function, the partial molar volume function, and the derivative of the composition-related functions. Pervasive equations, differential equations, constrained equations of different parameters between partial and average molar properties, and universal Gibbs-Duhem equations are obtained between the partial and the average molar properties of the components. It can be shown that the partial molar properties calculated from different functions of the average molar properties of the alloy are equal, but in general the partial molar properties are not equal to the average molar properties of a given component, that is, the partial molar properties do not represent the molar properties of the corresponding component. The correctness of the established formulas and functions is proved by calculating the partial molar volume and the average atomic volume of the Au-Ni system as well as the average atomic volume of the alloy.