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理想的疫苗应能模拟与自然感染相关的免疫刺激,产生最低的副反应,而且价廉易得、稳定和使用方便。虽然已有不少人用和兽用疫苗可成功地应用,但还有许多疾病无适当疫苗。况且现有疫苗仍有许多不足之处,包括不良反应、含有杂质、生产困难、贮存和运输不便,因此需要有新策略以生产新一代疫苗预防传染病。由于免疫学、分子生物学和生物化学的最新进展,使发展新疫苗有了新的动力。
The ideal vaccine should be able to mimic the natural immune-related immune stimuli, resulting in the lowest side effects, but also cheap, stable and easy to use. Although many human and veterinary vaccines have been successfully used, there are many diseases without appropriate vaccines. Moreover, there are still many shortcomings in the existing vaccines, including adverse reactions, impurities, production difficulties, inconveniences in storage and transportation, and therefore new strategies are needed to produce a new generation of vaccines against infectious diseases. Recent developments in immunology, molecular biology and biochemistry have given new impetus to the development of new vaccines.