论文部分内容阅读
一、汕头特区产业结构的现状分析(1)特区的产业结构与潮汕地区的资源要素结构联系不太紧密,未能充分利用地区分工的绝对利益和比较利益,至今未形成具有地区特色的主导性行业及其产业结构。(2)特区的工业项目,尤其是利用外资的项目,其中很多属于“两头在外”的性质。这些项目对于增加就业、扩大出口、积累资金等都起着一定的积极作用。但也应该看到,这些项目大都是“飞地”,与本地区的其他行业之间投入产出的关联度很低,因此难以发挥区域经济的乘数效应。(3)产业结构呈高度轻型化,劳动密集型项目占主导地位,这一点虽然与潮汕地区人多地少、劳动力丰富的特点相适应,但综观当代世界经济尤其是各国经济特区的发展,技术、知识、资本加速替代体力劳动,劳动力成本在产品总成本中所占比重逐渐减少,这导致劳动力成本作为一种比较成本在国际贸易竞争中所占的竞争优势被削弱。即使是劳动密集度很高的服装工业,微电子技术的发展也将对其劳动力产生替代效应。国外不少成功的经济特区都卓有成效地实现了劳动密集型产业结构向技术、资本密集型产业结构的转变。看不到和不能适应这种发展趋势,则特区的进一步发展必然会受到影响。(4)特区的产值、出口状况从发展速度上看还是比较理想的,并已形成外向型经济格局,但也应该看到,不少企业尤其是外商投资企业在材料设备进口、生产订单的接受、产品出口等方面中方并未掌握主动权,经营上常处被动状态,对国际市场波动的承受能力还较弱。
I. Analysis of the Present Situation of Industrial Structure in Shantou Special Administrative Region (1) The industrial structure of the special economic zone is not closely linked with the structural features of resources in the Chaoshan area, failing to make full use of the absolute interests and the comparative benefits of regional labor division, and has not formed the dominant characteristic of regional characteristics so far Industry and its industrial structure. (2) The industrial projects in the SAR, especially the projects that utilize foreign capital, many of which are of a “two-headed-out” nature. These projects all play a positive role in increasing employment, expanding exports and accumulating funds. However, it should also be noted that most of these projects are “enclaves,” with low correlations with the inputs and outputs of other industries in the region, making it difficult to exert the multiplier effect of the regional economy. (3) The industrial structure is highly light and labor-intensive projects dominate. Although this is in line with the characteristics of a small population and abundant labor force in the Chaoshan area, comprehensively reviewing the development of the contemporary world economy, especially the special economic zones in various countries, , Knowledge and capital accelerate the substitution of manual labor and labor costs gradually decrease in the total cost of products, which leads to the weakened competitive advantage of labor costs as a comparative cost in the international trade competition. Even in the highly labor-intensive apparel industry, the development of microelectronics will have a surrogate effect on its workforce. Many successful special economic zones abroad have successfully realized the transformation from a labor-intensive industrial structure to a technology-based and capital-intensive industrial structure. Can not see and can not adapt to this trend of development, the further development of the SAR will inevitably be affected. (4) The output value and export of the SEZ are ideal from the viewpoint of the pace of development and have formed an outward-oriented economic pattern. However, it should be noted that many enterprises, especially foreign-invested enterprises, have been accepting import of materials and equipment and accepting production orders China’s exports have no right to take control of their exports and exports. The passive status of their operations and their ability to withstand fluctuations in the international market are still weak.