首先,考察一下美国的科学——在人类历史上较年轻国家的事业,如何达到领先地位是有意义的.五十年前,说美国使得欧洲的科学暗然无色,这种见解未免过于简单了。直到一九三○年,美国的科学事实上仍处于停滞状态.在那以前,如果你是一个美国物理学家,你就应当去欧洲取得物理学博士学位。然而,第二次世界大战前不久,尤其是战后,朝着另一个方向直接发生了连续的变化。许多早期物理学家为 First of all, it makes sense to study American science - how to achieve leadership in the cause of the younger nations in human history.50 years ago, it would be too simplistic to say that the United States made Europe's science faint and colorless fifty years ago . Until 1930, the science in the United States was in fact still at a standstill, and until then, if you were an American physicist, you should get a Ph.D. in physics from Europe. However, not long ago, especially after the war, there had been a series of direct and continuous changes in the other direction. Many early physicists