论文部分内容阅读
让·雅克·卢梭是18世纪欧洲启蒙运动最卓越的代表人物之一。他高举自由与平等的旗帜,对封建专制集权进行了最为猛烈的抨击。特别是他试图用“公意”学说重建一个人民主权、道德至善的理想共和国,实现全体公民的平等自由和公共幸福。然而,卢梭在历史上却是一个颇受争议的人物,对他的政治学说的各种认识上的分歧也主要是由他的公意学说引起的。如何看待卢梭的公意学说,直接影响到我们对其政治哲学思想的把握。本文力求通过分析公意的含义、特征及其与其他意志的关系,进一步探讨卢梭公意学说的价值。
Jean Jacques Rousseau is one of the most prominent representatives of the 18th century European Enlightenment. He held high the banner of freedom and equality and conducted the most severe attack on the feudal autocratic centralization. In particular, he tried to rebuild an ideal republic of people with the sovereignty and perfection of morality with the principle of “public opinion ” so as to realize the equality, freedoms and public happiness of all citizens. However, Rousseau was historically a controversial figure, and his various disagreements about his political doctrine were mainly caused by his doctrine of will. How to view Rousseau’s theory of public will directly affect our grasp of his political philosophy. This article seeks to further explore the value of Rousseau’s gratitude doctrine by analyzing the meaning, characteristics and the relationship with the other wills.