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胚胎性别的预测,随着对性分化机制的逐步阐明而从假想成为现实,它作为一种科学预见,应用于计划生育和控制性连锁遗传疾病,而受到国内外医学界的重视,现就近几年来国内外研究资料,作一综合介绍。一、羊水羊水穿刺术的历史很久,但用做胎儿的产前诊断,则是近20年的事。1956年Fuchs等首先用以做胎儿性别的判定。为避免感染,目前都主张经腹穿刺取材,穿刺针经腹壁→腹膜→子宫浆膜→子宫肌层→蜕膜→绒毛膜→羊膜→羊膜腔。以妊娠14周后穿刺为妥。由于羊水细胞主要来源于胎儿脱落上皮,所以能比较可靠地反映胎儿情况。目前多数认为检查羊水细胞的性染色质预测胎儿性别,是比较准确的。由于男胎与女胎的差别较显著,故符合率也高。有的学者只观察X染色质,有的以观察Y染色质为主,兹将国内研究结果最近资料比较于表1。
As predicting the sexual differentiation gradually becomes a reality from hypotheses, it is used as a scientific foreseen in family planning and controlled genetic diseases. However, it has been paid more attention by medical circles both at home and abroad Domestic and international research data for a comprehensive introduction. First, amniotic fluid amniocentesis history of a long time, but the fetus used for prenatal diagnosis, it is nearly 20 years. In 1956, Fuchs and other first used to make fetal sex determination. In order to avoid infection, currently advocated by abdominal puncture material, needle through the abdominal wall → peritoneal → uterine serosa → myometrium → decidua → chorion → amniotic membrane → amniotic cavity. Puncture 14 weeks after pregnancy is appropriate. As amniotic fluid cells derived from the fetus off the epithelium, it can more reliably reflect the fetus situation. At present, most people think that checking sex of amniotic fluid cells in the sex chromosomes is more accurate. As the difference between male and female fetuses more significant, so the coincidence rate is high. Some scholars only observe the X chromatin, and some to observe the main Y chromatin, the results of recent domestic research data will be compared in Table 1.