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昆虫电压门控钠离子通道(voltage-gated sodium channel)存在于所有可兴奋细胞的细胞膜上,在动作电位的产生和传导上起重要作用,是有机氯和拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的靶标位点。在农业和医学害虫控制过程中,由于有机氯和拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的广泛使用,抗药性问题日益突出。其中,由于钠离子通道基因突变,降低了钠离子通道对有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的亲和性,从而产生击倒抗性(knock-down resistance,kdr),已成为抗性产生的重要机制之一。本文综述了昆虫钠离子通道的跨膜拓扑结构、功能、进化及其基因的克隆;更重要的是总结了已报道的40多种昆虫40个钠离子通道基因非同义突变,以及钠离子通道基因选择性mRNA剪接和编辑,以及它们与杀虫剂抗性的关系;也评述了钠离子通道基因突变引起蛋白质结构的改变,从而对杀虫剂抗性的影响机制。这些研究对于进一步鉴定与杀虫剂抗性相关的突变及抗性机制,开发有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂抗性分子监测方法具有重要意义。
The voltage-gated sodium channel in insect cells exists on the membrane of all excitable cells and plays an important role in the generation and conduction of action potentials. It is the target site for organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides . In the agricultural and medical pest control process, the problem of drug resistance has become increasingly prominent due to the widespread use of organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides. Among them, due to mutations in the sodium ion channel, the affinity of the sodium channel to organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides is reduced, resulting in knock-down resistance (kdr), which has become a resistance One of the important mechanisms. This review summarizes the transmembrane topology, function, evolution and cloning of the transmembrane of insect sodium channels. More importantly, it summarizes the non-synonymous mutations of 40 sodium channel genes reported in more than 40 insects, and the sodium ion channels Gene-selective mRNA splicing and editing, as well as their relationship with insecticide resistance; and also reviewed the mechanism by which changes in protein structure caused by mutations in the sodium ion channels and thus the impact on insecticide resistance. These studies are of great significance for the further identification of mutations and resistance mechanisms related to insecticide resistance and development of molecular monitoring methods for organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticide resistance.