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利用水听器阵接收声信号,通过波束形成判定目标方位,是水下目标方位估计的基本方法。为了提高声探测的作用距离,波束形成的工作频段往往低至几百赫兹以下,而这种情况下,波束形成中参考声速的选取对测向结果的影响尤其突出。本文结合实验数据进行了简要的理论分析和数值模拟,讨论了由于参考声速选取不适当而引起的测向误差,指出参考声速是声波传播的相速度,而低频段的相速度具有明显的随频率变化特性。最后,提出利用声场匹配的方法来提高低频长线阵的测向精度。
The use of hydrophone array to receive acoustic signals and determine the target position through beamforming are the basic methods for underwater target azimuth estimation. In order to improve the range of acoustic detection, the working frequency band of beamforming is often as low as several hundred hertz. In this case, the influence of the reference sound velocity in beamforming on the direction finding results is particularly prominent. In this paper, a brief theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out based on the experimental data. The errors in the direction of orientation due to the inappropriate selection of reference sound velocity are discussed. The reference velocity is the phase velocity of sound wave propagation. However, Change characteristics. Finally, the method of using sound field matching is proposed to improve the accuracy of the low-frequency long-line array.