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通过3年定位监测试验研究了小麦/玉米/大豆全程免耕全程秸秆覆盖、小麦/玉米/大豆半程免耕半程秸秆覆盖、小麦/玉米/大豆全程翻耕不覆盖秸秆和小麦/玉米/甘薯全程翻耕不覆盖秸秆4种不同种植模式对西南坡地水土保持、土壤肥力及作物产值的影响.结果表明:在水土保持方面,小麦/玉米/大豆全程免耕全程秸秆覆盖模式的3年平均土壤侵蚀量和地表径流量最低,分别为1189kg.hm-2和215m3.hm-2,显著低于其他处理,比小麦/玉米/甘薯全程翻耕不覆盖秸秆模式分别低10.6%和84.7%.在土壤肥力方面,3种小麦/玉米/大豆模式都能增加土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾和碱解氮含量,以小麦/玉米/大豆全程免耕全程秸秆覆盖模式增加幅度最大,分别增加15.7%、18.2%、55.2%和25.9%,显著高于其他模式,小麦/玉米/大豆半程免耕半程秸秆覆盖模式次之,小麦/玉米/甘薯全程翻耕不覆盖秸秆模式最低.在作物产值方面,以小麦/玉米/大豆全程免耕全程秸秆覆盖模式的3年平均总产值和纯收入最高,分别为18809元.hm-2和12619元.hm-2,比其他几个处理分别增加2.2%～20.6%和3.8%～32.9%,总体效益最好.总之,小麦/玉米/大豆模式比传统的小麦/玉米/甘薯模式能更好地保持水土,减少土壤侵蚀量和地表径流量,增加土壤肥力和作物产值.
Through three years of location monitoring test, the whole wheat straw / corn / soybean whole-tillage without straw was covered with half tillage with wheat / corn / soybean without tillage. The whole tillage with wheat / corn / soybean was not covered with straw and wheat / corn / The results showed that the three-year average of whole-pattern wheat straw / corn / soybean whole-tillage without straw tillage in soil and water conservation was higher than that of straw- Soil erosion and surface runoff were the lowest, which were 1189kg.hm-2 and 215m3.hm-2, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of other treatments and were 10.6% and 84.7% lower than that of wheat / corn / sweet potato full tillage without straw mulching. In terms of soil fertility, all three kinds of wheat / corn / soybean models could increase the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and alkali hydrolysis nitrogen. The whole range of no-tillage with wheat / corn / soybean increased by 15.7% %, 18.2%, 55.2% and 25.9%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the other patterns. The half-tillage no-tillage straw mulching pattern of wheat / corn / soybean was the second, followed by the tillage pattern of wheat / corn / In terms of crop output, the three-year average gross output value and net income of no-till whole-grain straw mulching pattern with wheat, corn and soybean were the highest at 18,809 yuan, hm-2 and 12,619 yuan respectively, compared with the other treatments Increase of 2.2% ~ 20.6% and 3.8% ~ 32.9%, the overall benefit is the best.In conclusion, the wheat / corn / soybean model can better maintain soil and water content than traditional wheat / corn / sweet potato models and reduce soil erosion and surface runoff , Increase soil fertility and crop output.