1.替代法。替代法就是利用具有相同或相似功能的其他物品来代替原实验规定的物品。这种方法主要用于实验用品的改进。替代法看起来很简单,却解决了不少难题。替代实验用品的要求有两点:一是与原实验用品相比,实验现象至少同样明显;二是易找到或购买到。2.引入法。引入法就是根据某一特定需要,灵活地引用其他地方的成功方法和经验。运用这种方法思考解决问题的方案时,关键是要善于发现各种事物之间的相似之 1. Alternative method. The alternative method is to use other items with the same or similar functions instead of the items specified in the original experiment. This method is mainly used for the improvement of experimental supplies. The substitution law looks simple but solves a lot of problems. There are two requirements for alternative laboratory supplies: one is that the experimental phenomenon is at least as noticeable as the original laboratory supplies, and the second one is easy to find or buy. 2. Introduction of law. The introduction method is based on a particular need, flexible reference to other successful methods and experiences. When using this method to think about a solution to a problem, the key is to be good at finding similarities between things