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以三倍体芒草奇岗的自然杂交后代为研究对象,对后代群体的16个数量性状分别进行变异分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。研究结果表明:(1)该杂交群体的变异系数在14.41%~151.85%之间,平均变异系数为51.22%,说明杂交后代变异广泛。(2)主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分反映原变量的80.206%的信息。第1主成分贡献率为48.74%,较大载荷性状有分蘖数、丛径、基部周长、单株鲜重和单株干重;第2主成分贡献率为16.313%,较大载荷性状有外径、内径、单茎干重、单茎鲜重和含水量;第3主成分贡献率为7.775%,仅有腋芽数一个较大载荷性状;第4主成分贡献率为7.378%,仅叶片数一个较大载荷。(3)聚类分析结果表明,将66份奇岗自然杂交后代和6份母本奇岗种质分为4大类。第Ⅰ类材料因本身各性状不足,产量很低,不适合筛选高产种质;第Ⅱ类材料各性状变异系数普遍较小,性状稳定,适合作为育种的备选类群;第Ⅲ类材料因枯黄较少,更适合做发酵类能源草或青贮牧草;第Ⅳ类材料生物产量因子及其产量构成因子都明显优于母本,是较好的育种材料。以上研究结果对筛选芒属植物优良种质、创新芒属植物种质资源有积极意义,并为芒属植物多倍体育种提供理论依据和材料基础。
Taking the offspring of triploid Miscanthus as background, the 16 quantitative traits of offspring were analyzed by variance, principal component analysis and cluster analysis respectively. The results showed that: (1) The coefficient of variation of the hybrid population was between 14.41% and 151.85%, and the average coefficient of variation was 51.22%, which indicated that the variation of hybrids was extensive. (2) The principal component analysis shows that the first four principal components reflect 80.206% of the original variables. The contribution rate of the first principal component was 48.74%, the tiller number, the diameter of the perimeter, the base circumference, the fresh weight per plant and the dry weight per plant were the major load characters. The contribution of the second principal component was 16.313% Outer diameter, inner diameter, dry weight of single stem, fresh weight of single stem and water content. The contribution rate of the third principal component was 7.775%, only the axillary bud number had a larger load. The fourth principal component contribution rate was 7.378% The number of leaves a larger load. (3) The results of cluster analysis indicated that 66 accessions of Qigang natural hybrids and 6 female germplasms were divided into 4 major categories. The first type of material is not suitable for screening high-yielding germplasm due to its lack of traits, the low yield, the second-type material is generally smaller in coefficient of variation, stable in character and suitable as an alternative group for breeding. The third- Less, more suitable for fermented energy grass or silage; class Ⅳ biological yield factors and yield components were significantly better than the female parent, is a better breeding material. The above results have positive significance for the screening of excellent germplasm resources of Miscanthus and innovation of Miscanthus germplasm resources, and provide theoretical basis and material basis for polyploid breeding of Miscanthus.