论文部分内容阅读
一、單项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
1.________________ in the center of the city， the bookstore attracted many visitors.
________________________________________
A. Locating B. Locate
C. Located D. To locate
2. He said he would prefer________________ others rather than________________ by others.
A. to help； to help B. to help； be helped
C. helping； helped D. helping； to be helped
3.________________ himself________________ the project， he had no time to go back home.
A. Occupied； with _B. Occupying； with
C. Occupied； in D. Occupying； in
4. I owe________________ my parents.
A. that I have B. what I have
C. that I have to D. what I have to
5.________________ you obviously would not eat Spaghetti with your fingers， using a spoon to twist it into a basketball mound of noodles is incorrect.
A. When B. As
C. Since D. While
6. —It looks you are feeling down. Any trouble？
—All my hopes were________________ when my application was denied.
A. crushed B. hammered
C. sunk D. faded
7. To have faith is to believe that the path we are traveling along is longer than________________ we can anticipate.
A. that B. what
C. how D. as
8. —What about the new bakery at the street corner near our school？
—You________________ not want to eat its cheese cakes， for they are very calorific.
A. dare B. must
C. might D. need
9. —With the booing housing price， more investors tend to spend all they have buying one.
—That’s really risky. Never should we________________.
A. boil an egg
B. have egg on our face
C. walk on eggshells
D. put all your eggs in one basket
10. Alaska， of________________ most part is lightly populated， is known for its diverse landscapes， with abundant wildlife and many small towns.
A. what B. that
C. which D. whose
11.________________ I explained on the phone， your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After
C. As D. Since
12. He didn’t make________________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A. this B. that
C. it D. these
13. Because of the financial crisis， days are gone________________ local 5-star hotels charged 6，000 Yuan for one night.
A. if B. when
C. which D. since
14. They’ve won their last three matches，________________ I find a bit surprising. C. Still D. Anyhow
3. A. fear B. doubt
C. regret D. desire
4. A. came across B. picked out
C. put down D. brought about
5. A. receipts B. cans
C. recipes D. labels
6. A. exactly B. particularly
C. roughly D. basically
7. A. inferior B. superb
C. fake D. sour
8. A. miserable B. amused
C. misty D. concerned
9. A. dumbest B. smartest
C. toughest D. rudest
10. A. As soon as B. As much as
C. As far as D. As long as
11. A. employer B. customer
C. investor D. salesman
12. A. inspiring B. relaxing
C. pushing D. frightening
13. A. opportunity B. decision
C. obstacle D. defeat
14. A. respectable B. honorable
C. recognizable D. understandable
15. A. after B. by
C. as D. for
16. A. hit B. got
C. called D. promoted
17. A. make out B. reach out
C. set out D. work out
18. A. appointed B. destined
C. considered D. intended
19. A. hesitate B. need
C. wait D. rush
20. A. delay B. dream
C. plan D. prepare
三、閱读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
New Zealand will create one of the largest marine protected areas in the world， spanning an area of 620，000 sq km.
The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary （保护区） will be one of the world’s most significant fully protected ecosystems， the prime minister of New Zealand， John Key， told the UN General Assembly in New York.
The sanctuary is in the South Pacific Ocean， about 1，000 km north-east of New Zealand， and expands a marine reserve that surrounds some small islands. The area is considered important in terms of biodiversity， featuring nearly 35 species of whales and dolphins， 150 types of fish and three of the world’s seven sea turtle species. It is also geologically significant， including the world’s longest chain of underwater volcanoes and the second deepest ocean trench， into 10 km underwater—deeper than Mount Everest’s height. The scale of the sanctuary will dwarf （矮化） any previous New Zealand’s protected area， spanning twice the size of the country’s mainland. It will cover 15% of New Zealand’s economic zone.
Commercial and recreational fishing will be completely banned， as will oil， gas and mineral prospecting （勘探）， exploration and mining. Key’s government aims to pass legislation establishing the sanctuary next year. C. New Zealand hasn’t figured out how to make full use of its ocean resources.
D. Measures should be taken immediately to protect the ocean after explorations.
B
Books， Films and Plays
The novelist’s medium is the written word， one might almost say the printed word. Typically the novel is consumed by a silent， individual reader， who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest， most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information—writing. The narrative can go， effortlessly， anywhere： into space， people’s head， palaces， prisons and pyramids， without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining the shape and content of his narrative， the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria. The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text， but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript （手稿） and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.
However， not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative， using more than one channel of communication.
The production of a stage play involves， as well as the words of the author， the physical presence of the actors， their voices and gestures， the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film， it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creative people involved. They are given “approval” of the choice of director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals （排演）， during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay， the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of authors in this respect.
In film or television work， on the other hand， the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts， the writer is in the driver’s seat， although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way， artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama， who tend（unlike film critics） to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors， ignoring the contribution， for good or ill， of the director. 4. Where might you find the passage？
A. In a textbook.
B. In a movie magazine.
C. In a travelling brochure.
D. In a shopping guide.
5. Which of these subtitles would be most appropriate？
A. Why does the future look good for writers of books， plays and films？
B. What do audiences want from these three forms of entertainment？
C. How do these forms of media compare for their producers？
D. What benefit can we get from these forms of media？
6. Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written？
A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.
B. Because the paperback novel is most portable and adaptable.
C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information—writing.
D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.
7. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage？
A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist’s work.
B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.
C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.
D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.
8. What can be implied from the last sentence of the passage？
A. TV critics often blame the wrong people for the failure of a program.
B. The director is a determining factor in the future of a television drama.
C. Few people know that the screenplay writer is often criticized by the director.
D. It is urgent for the film critics to realize their mistakes.
C
Humans have been astonished at the majesty of Stonehenge for thousands of years， but the famous landmark’s original purpose has remained a mystery.
Now， a new technique has revealed 15 previously unknown Neolithic （新石器時代的） monuments around the mysterious monument in Wiltshire. Archaeologist Vince Gaffney， of the University of Birmingham， who is involved in the Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project， thinks they can provide evidence that the stone circle was at the heart of a busy heathen processional （列队行进的） route over 4，000 years ago.
The team discovered evidence of 15 unknown and poorly-understood late Neolithic monuments， including other barrows （古坟）， pits and ditches， which could all harbour valuable information about the prehistoric site.
In the summer of 2009， geophysicists used magnetic sensors and ground-penetrating radar to scan the area around Stonehenge， detecting unknown structures. The sensors let experts detect evidence of ancient digging and buildings by mapping variations in the Earth’s magnetic field. Professor Gaffney believes these sites suggest Stonehenge was not an isolated monument in an unspoilt landscape； instead， there was lots of human activity nearby. As long ago as 1620， diggers discovered cattle skulls and burnt coals buried in the centre of the stone circle and around 60 years ago， carbon dating （碳定年） of a piece of charcoal in a pit led scientists to believe that Stonehenge was built in 2600 BC.
In 2003， Mike Parker Pearson of University College London claimed that the workers who built Stonehenge lived in a nearby settlement of Durrington Walls， after unearthing evidence of huts， tools， and animal bones. He also said that the stone circle was a cemetery， as well as a religious monument.
In the latest study， which took 120 days spread over four years， the experts created a new map of the Stonehenge landscape. They included what we think of as Stonehenge， as well as a long strip of land called the Curcus， which ran east to west for around two miles （3km）. It is thought the ditch barrier predates the stone circle by several hundred years. The Curcus barrows were marked as well as the 15 new finds. It is hoped that their contents will become clear with future digging.
9. What can be inferred from the discovery of the 15 unknown monuments？
A. It might suggest why Stonehenge was built.
B. It might explain why people believed in religion.
C. It might reveal how people lived 4，000 years ago.
D. It might bring to light how Stonehenge was built.
10. What did the findings in 2009 show？
A. The stone circle was a cemetery.
B. Stonehenge was built in 2600 BC.
C. Stonehenge was an isolated monument.
D. Some people might live near Stonehenge.
11. What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A. Stonehenge should be well protected.
B. Stonehenge will always remain a mystery.
C. The stones have the power to attract more travellers.
D. More and more evidence helps to explain Stonehenge.
D
Changing technology stimulates （刺激） the brain and increases intelligence. But that may only be true if the technology challenges us. In a world run by intelligent machines， our lives could get a lot simpler. Would that make us less intelligent？
After the Industrial Revolution， machines began to replace manual workers. The process played out in agriculture as well as manufacturing so that groups of agricultural workers were replaced and forced to move to cities to make a living.
When machines took away much of the manual work， people became less physically active and gained weight. The sedentary （久坐的） lifestyle contributed to a worldwide spreading of overweight and related metabolic disorders such as heart disease， secondary diabetes and kidney disease . As our bodies rested， our brains were forced to work harder， however. It is much more difficult to drive through an overcrowded modern city than it is to move around in a small rural village， for instance. Modern jobs are also more complex and urgent and they require more education because employees need to process new information quickly. Even during our leisure time， our brains work harder due to greater availability of books and explosion of audiovisual media， for entertainment， study， music， news， and so forth.
Now in the Internet age， the amount of information grows fast along with the advance of electronic technologies. The number of people with whom we interact electronically grows by leaps and bounds thanks to the ease of use of social media like Facebook and Twitter.
All of this extra work for our brains makes us more intelligent. That helps explain why human intelligence increases steadily from generation to generation in all developed countries， a phenomenon named the Flynn Effect. Of course， there are other reasons， including improved nutrition， better medical practices that reduce brain damage， and improved sanitation and public health that reduce diseases of childhood.
In the P.G Wodehouse novels， Bertie Wooster got away with being a fool because Jeeves was there to back him up with superior brain power. Similarly， people of the future are at risk of being less intelligent because machines will do their thinking for them.
Artificial intelligence is taking over many human jobs. For instance， planes are being flown much of the time by automatic pilots. Moreover， the complex problem of controlling air traffic around large modern airports is also achieved by artificial intelligence that operates well beyond the capability of mere human air traffic controllers.
Artificial intelligence exists in many fields of modern life for the simple reason that intelligent machines can already outperform humans， including some aptitudes （天資） which were once thought to be a human advantage， such as playing chess or recalling details in a game of Jeopardy.
Machine intelligence is increasing much faster than human intelligence. As machines get smarter， they will do more of our thinking for us and make life easier.
Instead of struggling to identify ourselves to some electronic system via passwords that are secure only if they are hard to remember， the system will work harder to identify us using biometrics （生物测定学） such as fingerprints or even the individual sound of our hearts. More technologies of the future may also be voice-activated so that we will talk with machines much as we would talk to a friend. In the future， the electronic assistant will develop to the point where it serves similar functions as a real living chief male servant of a house， fulfilling requests such as： “Organize a dinner party for six on Thursday， Jeeves， and invite the usual guests .”
At that point， our long struggle with challenging technologies is at an end. Like Bertie Wooster， we can take it easy knowing that the hard work of planning and organizing is being done by a better brain—the electronic assistant. Starved of mental effort， our brains will return to an earlier or less advanced form.
The future is still in the fog.
12. According to the author， the Industrial Revolution led to ________ .
A. the development of education
B. the spread of diseases in the world
C. a lifestyle of being physically active
D. People’s physical and mental problems
13. The Flynn Effect refers to the phenomenon that________________.
A. extra work can stimulate our brain
B. humans are becoming smarter and smarter
C. the change in human intelligence is steady
D. people in developed countries have higher intelligence
14. The writer gave the example of Bertie Wooster to tell us________________.
A. the possibility of humans’ becoming less intelligent
B. the risk of machines ’ destroying the world
C. the end of challenges people face in life
D. the powerful functions of technologies
15. Why is artificial intelligence popular in our life？
A. It can improve and update itself.
B. It can take advantage of humans.
C. It can do much better than humans.
D. It can deal with abstract information.
四、任務型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
The worst time to look for a job is when you must have a new one immediately. Job Searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making from relatively few options. If you are not in need of an immediate career change， here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects （前景） today：
Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today， nor do they have to exist in your company. However， these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. Once you have a couple of targets， think about why and what interests you. Pay close attention to what appeals to you， and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets. Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue （收益）. Reading about industry trends， advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the peck. You can follow their examples in your own workplace. If you associate with those that stand out from the rest， you are likely to find yourself with better opportunities.
Do exceptional work. In any role， there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early， be flexible to new assignments， have a positive attitude， cooperate with other departments， pay attention to the little details.
Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers .Learn more about how success is measured in other roles， departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time. People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search， so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others， and be helpful when you can.
As in all things in life， getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today， the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.
How to Improve Your Carter Prospects
Passage outlineSupporting details
Introduction Job searching under pressure________1________nervous interviewing and decision—making from relatively few options.
Identify at least two different roles The roles are supposed to have________2________to do with your current skill set.
Pay close attention to those things that________3________you.
Subscribe to a magazine on carter The relevant knowledge in the workplace can help beat the________4________working in other companies.
Follow the examples in your field， making it________5________for you to get better chances.
Do exceptional work Try your best to perform at your best
Work early to finish new tasks with a flexible and positive attitude.
Cooperate with other departments， not________6________little details.
1.________________ in the center of the city， the bookstore attracted many visitors.
________________________________________
A. Locating B. Locate
C. Located D. To locate
2. He said he would prefer________________ others rather than________________ by others.
A. to help； to help B. to help； be helped
C. helping； helped D. helping； to be helped
3.________________ himself________________ the project， he had no time to go back home.
A. Occupied； with _B. Occupying； with
C. Occupied； in D. Occupying； in
4. I owe________________ my parents.
A. that I have B. what I have
C. that I have to D. what I have to
5.________________ you obviously would not eat Spaghetti with your fingers， using a spoon to twist it into a basketball mound of noodles is incorrect.
A. When B. As
C. Since D. While
6. —It looks you are feeling down. Any trouble？
—All my hopes were________________ when my application was denied.
A. crushed B. hammered
C. sunk D. faded
7. To have faith is to believe that the path we are traveling along is longer than________________ we can anticipate.
A. that B. what
C. how D. as
8. —What about the new bakery at the street corner near our school？
—You________________ not want to eat its cheese cakes， for they are very calorific.
A. dare B. must
C. might D. need
9. —With the booing housing price， more investors tend to spend all they have buying one.
—That’s really risky. Never should we________________.
A. boil an egg
B. have egg on our face
C. walk on eggshells
D. put all your eggs in one basket
10. Alaska， of________________ most part is lightly populated， is known for its diverse landscapes， with abundant wildlife and many small towns.
A. what B. that
C. which D. whose
11.________________ I explained on the phone， your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After
C. As D. Since
12. He didn’t make________________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A. this B. that
C. it D. these
13. Because of the financial crisis， days are gone________________ local 5-star hotels charged 6，000 Yuan for one night.
A. if B. when
C. which D. since
14. They’ve won their last three matches，________________ I find a bit surprising. C. Still D. Anyhow
3. A. fear B. doubt
C. regret D. desire
4. A. came across B. picked out
C. put down D. brought about
5. A. receipts B. cans
C. recipes D. labels
6. A. exactly B. particularly
C. roughly D. basically
7. A. inferior B. superb
C. fake D. sour
8. A. miserable B. amused
C. misty D. concerned
9. A. dumbest B. smartest
C. toughest D. rudest
10. A. As soon as B. As much as
C. As far as D. As long as
11. A. employer B. customer
C. investor D. salesman
12. A. inspiring B. relaxing
C. pushing D. frightening
13. A. opportunity B. decision
C. obstacle D. defeat
14. A. respectable B. honorable
C. recognizable D. understandable
15. A. after B. by
C. as D. for
16. A. hit B. got
C. called D. promoted
17. A. make out B. reach out
C. set out D. work out
18. A. appointed B. destined
C. considered D. intended
19. A. hesitate B. need
C. wait D. rush
20. A. delay B. dream
C. plan D. prepare
三、閱读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
New Zealand will create one of the largest marine protected areas in the world， spanning an area of 620，000 sq km.
The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary （保护区） will be one of the world’s most significant fully protected ecosystems， the prime minister of New Zealand， John Key， told the UN General Assembly in New York.
The sanctuary is in the South Pacific Ocean， about 1，000 km north-east of New Zealand， and expands a marine reserve that surrounds some small islands. The area is considered important in terms of biodiversity， featuring nearly 35 species of whales and dolphins， 150 types of fish and three of the world’s seven sea turtle species. It is also geologically significant， including the world’s longest chain of underwater volcanoes and the second deepest ocean trench， into 10 km underwater—deeper than Mount Everest’s height. The scale of the sanctuary will dwarf （矮化） any previous New Zealand’s protected area， spanning twice the size of the country’s mainland. It will cover 15% of New Zealand’s economic zone.
Commercial and recreational fishing will be completely banned， as will oil， gas and mineral prospecting （勘探）， exploration and mining. Key’s government aims to pass legislation establishing the sanctuary next year. C. New Zealand hasn’t figured out how to make full use of its ocean resources.
D. Measures should be taken immediately to protect the ocean after explorations.
B
Books， Films and Plays
The novelist’s medium is the written word， one might almost say the printed word. Typically the novel is consumed by a silent， individual reader， who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest， most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information—writing. The narrative can go， effortlessly， anywhere： into space， people’s head， palaces， prisons and pyramids， without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining the shape and content of his narrative， the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria. The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text， but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript （手稿） and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.
However， not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative， using more than one channel of communication.
The production of a stage play involves， as well as the words of the author， the physical presence of the actors， their voices and gestures， the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film， it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creative people involved. They are given “approval” of the choice of director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals （排演）， during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay， the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of authors in this respect.
In film or television work， on the other hand， the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts， the writer is in the driver’s seat， although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way， artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama， who tend（unlike film critics） to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors， ignoring the contribution， for good or ill， of the director. 4. Where might you find the passage？
A. In a textbook.
B. In a movie magazine.
C. In a travelling brochure.
D. In a shopping guide.
5. Which of these subtitles would be most appropriate？
A. Why does the future look good for writers of books， plays and films？
B. What do audiences want from these three forms of entertainment？
C. How do these forms of media compare for their producers？
D. What benefit can we get from these forms of media？
6. Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written？
A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.
B. Because the paperback novel is most portable and adaptable.
C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information—writing.
D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.
7. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage？
A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist’s work.
B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.
C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.
D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.
8. What can be implied from the last sentence of the passage？
A. TV critics often blame the wrong people for the failure of a program.
B. The director is a determining factor in the future of a television drama.
C. Few people know that the screenplay writer is often criticized by the director.
D. It is urgent for the film critics to realize their mistakes.
C
Humans have been astonished at the majesty of Stonehenge for thousands of years， but the famous landmark’s original purpose has remained a mystery.
Now， a new technique has revealed 15 previously unknown Neolithic （新石器時代的） monuments around the mysterious monument in Wiltshire. Archaeologist Vince Gaffney， of the University of Birmingham， who is involved in the Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project， thinks they can provide evidence that the stone circle was at the heart of a busy heathen processional （列队行进的） route over 4，000 years ago.
The team discovered evidence of 15 unknown and poorly-understood late Neolithic monuments， including other barrows （古坟）， pits and ditches， which could all harbour valuable information about the prehistoric site.
In the summer of 2009， geophysicists used magnetic sensors and ground-penetrating radar to scan the area around Stonehenge， detecting unknown structures. The sensors let experts detect evidence of ancient digging and buildings by mapping variations in the Earth’s magnetic field. Professor Gaffney believes these sites suggest Stonehenge was not an isolated monument in an unspoilt landscape； instead， there was lots of human activity nearby. As long ago as 1620， diggers discovered cattle skulls and burnt coals buried in the centre of the stone circle and around 60 years ago， carbon dating （碳定年） of a piece of charcoal in a pit led scientists to believe that Stonehenge was built in 2600 BC.
In 2003， Mike Parker Pearson of University College London claimed that the workers who built Stonehenge lived in a nearby settlement of Durrington Walls， after unearthing evidence of huts， tools， and animal bones. He also said that the stone circle was a cemetery， as well as a religious monument.
In the latest study， which took 120 days spread over four years， the experts created a new map of the Stonehenge landscape. They included what we think of as Stonehenge， as well as a long strip of land called the Curcus， which ran east to west for around two miles （3km）. It is thought the ditch barrier predates the stone circle by several hundred years. The Curcus barrows were marked as well as the 15 new finds. It is hoped that their contents will become clear with future digging.
9. What can be inferred from the discovery of the 15 unknown monuments？
A. It might suggest why Stonehenge was built.
B. It might explain why people believed in religion.
C. It might reveal how people lived 4，000 years ago.
D. It might bring to light how Stonehenge was built.
10. What did the findings in 2009 show？
A. The stone circle was a cemetery.
B. Stonehenge was built in 2600 BC.
C. Stonehenge was an isolated monument.
D. Some people might live near Stonehenge.
11. What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A. Stonehenge should be well protected.
B. Stonehenge will always remain a mystery.
C. The stones have the power to attract more travellers.
D. More and more evidence helps to explain Stonehenge.
D
Changing technology stimulates （刺激） the brain and increases intelligence. But that may only be true if the technology challenges us. In a world run by intelligent machines， our lives could get a lot simpler. Would that make us less intelligent？
After the Industrial Revolution， machines began to replace manual workers. The process played out in agriculture as well as manufacturing so that groups of agricultural workers were replaced and forced to move to cities to make a living.
When machines took away much of the manual work， people became less physically active and gained weight. The sedentary （久坐的） lifestyle contributed to a worldwide spreading of overweight and related metabolic disorders such as heart disease， secondary diabetes and kidney disease . As our bodies rested， our brains were forced to work harder， however. It is much more difficult to drive through an overcrowded modern city than it is to move around in a small rural village， for instance. Modern jobs are also more complex and urgent and they require more education because employees need to process new information quickly. Even during our leisure time， our brains work harder due to greater availability of books and explosion of audiovisual media， for entertainment， study， music， news， and so forth.
Now in the Internet age， the amount of information grows fast along with the advance of electronic technologies. The number of people with whom we interact electronically grows by leaps and bounds thanks to the ease of use of social media like Facebook and Twitter.
All of this extra work for our brains makes us more intelligent. That helps explain why human intelligence increases steadily from generation to generation in all developed countries， a phenomenon named the Flynn Effect. Of course， there are other reasons， including improved nutrition， better medical practices that reduce brain damage， and improved sanitation and public health that reduce diseases of childhood.
In the P.G Wodehouse novels， Bertie Wooster got away with being a fool because Jeeves was there to back him up with superior brain power. Similarly， people of the future are at risk of being less intelligent because machines will do their thinking for them.
Artificial intelligence is taking over many human jobs. For instance， planes are being flown much of the time by automatic pilots. Moreover， the complex problem of controlling air traffic around large modern airports is also achieved by artificial intelligence that operates well beyond the capability of mere human air traffic controllers.
Artificial intelligence exists in many fields of modern life for the simple reason that intelligent machines can already outperform humans， including some aptitudes （天資） which were once thought to be a human advantage， such as playing chess or recalling details in a game of Jeopardy.
Machine intelligence is increasing much faster than human intelligence. As machines get smarter， they will do more of our thinking for us and make life easier.
Instead of struggling to identify ourselves to some electronic system via passwords that are secure only if they are hard to remember， the system will work harder to identify us using biometrics （生物测定学） such as fingerprints or even the individual sound of our hearts. More technologies of the future may also be voice-activated so that we will talk with machines much as we would talk to a friend. In the future， the electronic assistant will develop to the point where it serves similar functions as a real living chief male servant of a house， fulfilling requests such as： “Organize a dinner party for six on Thursday， Jeeves， and invite the usual guests .”
At that point， our long struggle with challenging technologies is at an end. Like Bertie Wooster， we can take it easy knowing that the hard work of planning and organizing is being done by a better brain—the electronic assistant. Starved of mental effort， our brains will return to an earlier or less advanced form.
The future is still in the fog.
12. According to the author， the Industrial Revolution led to ________ .
A. the development of education
B. the spread of diseases in the world
C. a lifestyle of being physically active
D. People’s physical and mental problems
13. The Flynn Effect refers to the phenomenon that________________.
A. extra work can stimulate our brain
B. humans are becoming smarter and smarter
C. the change in human intelligence is steady
D. people in developed countries have higher intelligence
14. The writer gave the example of Bertie Wooster to tell us________________.
A. the possibility of humans’ becoming less intelligent
B. the risk of machines ’ destroying the world
C. the end of challenges people face in life
D. the powerful functions of technologies
15. Why is artificial intelligence popular in our life？
A. It can improve and update itself.
B. It can take advantage of humans.
C. It can do much better than humans.
D. It can deal with abstract information.
四、任務型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
The worst time to look for a job is when you must have a new one immediately. Job Searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making from relatively few options. If you are not in need of an immediate career change， here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects （前景） today：
Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today， nor do they have to exist in your company. However， these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. Once you have a couple of targets， think about why and what interests you. Pay close attention to what appeals to you， and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets. Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue （收益）. Reading about industry trends， advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the peck. You can follow their examples in your own workplace. If you associate with those that stand out from the rest， you are likely to find yourself with better opportunities.
Do exceptional work. In any role， there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early， be flexible to new assignments， have a positive attitude， cooperate with other departments， pay attention to the little details.
Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers .Learn more about how success is measured in other roles， departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time. People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search， so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others， and be helpful when you can.
As in all things in life， getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today， the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.
How to Improve Your Carter Prospects
Passage outlineSupporting details
Introduction Job searching under pressure________1________nervous interviewing and decision—making from relatively few options.
Identify at least two different roles The roles are supposed to have________2________to do with your current skill set.
Pay close attention to those things that________3________you.
Subscribe to a magazine on carter The relevant knowledge in the workplace can help beat the________4________working in other companies.
Follow the examples in your field， making it________5________for you to get better chances.
Do exceptional work Try your best to perform at your best
Work early to finish new tasks with a flexible and positive attitude.
Cooperate with other departments， not________6________little details.