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感觉与料理论是个古老的哲学理论,20世纪上半叶更是极为流行,奥斯汀以艾耶尔的《经验知识之基础》为靶子,采用语言分析方法,对这一理论做出多方面的批判。奥斯汀指出,这一理论中包含了过度概括、虚假两分等常见的哲学谬误,以扭曲的方式使用直接/间接、实在、真正的、看起来等一系列相关语词。奥斯汀还连带批判了当时甚为流行的“两种语言”理论。最后,奥斯汀指出,艾耶尔并非当真对感知问题感兴趣,他当真关心的是认识论,并且继承了一个重大的传统错误,即妄图确立不可能误错、不可能需要纠正的知识基础。
Feeling and material theory is an ancient philosophical theory, which was extremely popular in the first half of the 20th century. Austin used Ayer’s “basis of empirical knowledge” as a target, and used linguistic analysis to make a multifaceted criticism of this theory . Austin pointed out that this theory contains common philosophical fallacies such as over-generalizations and false dichotomies, and distorted ways to use direct / indirect, real, real, seemingly a series of related terms. Austin also criticized the then popular “two languages” theory. Finally, Austin pointed out that Ayer did not really take an interest in the issue of perception. He was really concerned with epistemology and inherited a major traditional mistake of attempting to establish a knowledge base that could not be mistaken and could not be corrected.