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北朝石窟遗存在中国物质文化史上占据重要地位,其丰富多样的建筑图像具体形象地反映了当时中西文化交流情况,然而这些图像的脉络和内涵迄今也没有能够清晰完整地梳理并揭示出来。本文结合实地调查资料和学界刊布资料,采用考古类型学方法,就北朝石窟中普遍存在的圆拱形龛和曲尺形龛,以及特殊的莲花柱头图像进行了具体分析,逐一梳理出此三种建筑图像的发展系谱和演变规律,进而分别追溯了三者各自的西方源头,亦即这些图像在西北印度、中亚和西域的发展情况,从而将北朝和西方的同类建筑图像有机地联系起来。
The remains of the Northern Dynasties have played an important role in the history of material culture in China. The rich and varied images of buildings reflect the current situation of Sino-Western cultural exchanges at that time. However, the context and content of these images have so far not been clearly and completely revealed and revealed. Based on the field survey data and academic data, using archaeological typology, this paper analyzes the ubiquitous arched niches, zigzag niches and special stigma images in the Northern Grottoes. The three types of buildings The developmental pedigree and evolvement rule of the images further traces the respective western origins of the three, namely the development of these images in Northwest India, Central Asia and the Western Regions, and organically links the images of the same kind between the North and the West.