散文是与诗歌、小说、戏剧并称的一种文学体裁,它种类繁多,手法多样,形式自由灵活,我们通常可以从以下几方面来阅读鉴赏散文作品:一、立意。即文章写了什么内容,表达了什么思想。散文的内容有记事、写入、绘景、状物等,作者可以展开联想的翅膀,翱翔于天地古今之间,但目的只是表达思想、抒发情感。如巴金写于抗战时期的《灯》,从眼前见到的寒夜的灯光写到风雪之夜给行人指路的灯光,联想到哈里希岛上的长夜孤灯、女教士希洛点燃的火炬,还回忆起友人遇救的事情,内容极其丰富,但实质是从不同的侧面揭示了灯光的意义,所表达的思想正如作者自己所说:“‘灯’‘灯光’主要的寓意是指光明,是指对光明的向往。”有的作品,似乎是单纯的写景、状 Prose is a kind of literary genre that is also called poetry, fiction, and drama. It has a wide variety of tactics and a variety of forms. The forms are free and flexible. We can usually read and apprehend prose works from the following aspects: 1. Conception. That is what the article has written and what ideas have been expressed. The content of the prose is recorded, written, painted, and the like. The author can expand the wings of the association and soar between the ancient and the modern world, but the purpose is only to express ideas and express emotions. For example, when Ba Jin wrote “Lamp” during the War of Resistance Against Japan, the lights of the cold nights he saw from the eyes were written on the lights of the snow-snowing nights to guide pedestrians and the lights of the long nights on Haleish Island and the torchlight of the priestess Hilo. It also recalls the fact that friends were rescued. The content is extremely rich, but the essence is to reveal the significance of light from different sides. The thought expressed is as the author himself said: “The main symbol of ’light’ and ’light’ is light. Refers to the longing for light." Some works seem to be purely written and shaped.