《教育测试实践公平性准则》指出,公平性是测试各方面需要考虑的首要问题。近年来国外语言测试领域对公平性的研究方兴未艾,而试题偏差研究成为其中的一个重要方面。本文梳理了公平性及相关研究视角,介绍偏差及探测偏差的常用方法,指出提高语言测试公平性有待研究的问题。 The Guidelines for Fairness in Educational Testing Practice point out that fairness is the primary issue to be considered in all aspects of testing. In recent years, the research on fairness in the field of foreign language testing is still in the ascendant, and the study of test deviation becomes one of the most important aspects. This paper reviews the fairness and related research perspectives, introduces common methods of deviation and detection deviation, and points out the problems to be studied to improve the fairness of language testing.