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将具有生物活性的蛋白质与具有良好加工和力学性能的合成高分子相结合制备高性能的杂化材料是材料科学一个新的生长点.本专论聚焦于对具有光驱质子泵功能的两类活性蛋白质——细菌视紫红质(BR)与古紫质4(AR4)的研究,其中BR作为一个著名的膜蛋白已有四十余年的研究历史,而AR4则为中国科研人员十余年前所发现.综述了AR4的研究,并对AR4和BR进行了对比,进一步介绍了光敏蛋白质(BR和AR4)与聚合物基质复合制备新型功能高分子材料的工作,还介绍了该类光敏蛋白质的基因工程改造以及蛋白质/聚合物复合膜用于信息材料方面的探索工作.论文总结了一系列创新成果,如(1)在光敏蛋白质的质子泵机理方面,提出了“弱偶联模型”并解释了AR4具有与BR相反的质子释放和提取时间顺序的内在机理;(2)光敏蛋白质与聚合物复合膜相关的高分子水凝胶和蛋白质聚集状态的研究,并发现与均聚物和两亲性小分子不同,两亲性嵌段共聚物可导致光敏蛋白质中间体的寿命有数量级的延长;(3)发展了光敏蛋白质与聚合物复合膜的制备技术,所得到的材料不仅保持了光学活性,其蛋白质的光学响应性能还得到进一步改善;(4)发现了含光敏蛋白质的紫膜强烈抗拒哺乳动物细胞黏附的新功能;(5)尝试将该蛋白质和聚合物的复合膜作为信息材料,实现了全光宽带图像显示.进一步展望了此类光敏蛋白质的后续研究和潜在的应用前景.
The combination of biologically active proteins with synthetic polymers with good processing and mechanical properties in the preparation of high performance hybrid materials is a new point of growth for materials science.This monograph focuses on two types of activity with proton pump function Protein - rhodopsin (BR) and rhodopsin 4 (AR4) research, in which BR as a well-known membrane protein has more than 40 years of research history, and AR4 Chinese researchers more than a decade ago (AR4) and BR were reviewed, the work of photo-sensitive proteins (BR and AR4) and polymer matrix composite preparation of new functional polymer materials was introduced, and the photosynthetic protein Genetic engineering and protein / polymer composite membrane for information materials exploration work.This paper summarizes a series of innovative achievements, such as (1) in the proton pump photoprotein mechanism, the proposed "weak coupling model And explained the internal mechanism of AR4 having a proton release and extraction time sequence opposite to BR; (2) the study of polymer hydrogel and protein aggregation state of photosensitive protein and polymer composite membrane , And found that, unlike homopolymers and amphipathic small molecules, amphiphilic block copolymers can lead to an order of magnitude longer life of light-sensitive protein intermediates; (3) the development of techniques for the preparation of photoactive proteins and polymer composite membranes , The obtained material not only maintains the optical activity but also further improves the optical response of the protein; (4) it finds that the purple membrane containing the photosensitive protein strongly resists the new function of the mammalian cell adhesion; (5) And the polymer composite film as the information material to achieve the all-optical broadband image display.Furthermore, the future research and potential application prospects of such photosensitive proteins are prospected.