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[目的]探讨我国‘富士’苹果品质与果实矿质元素含量的关系,筛选影响果实品质特性的主要矿质元素,建立‘富士’苹果优质的果实矿质元素含量优化方案,为提高‘富士’果实品质、减少生理病害的果园合理土壤和叶面施肥等提供理论依据。[方法]2010~2011年对我国苹果产区51个县(市)153个乔砧‘富士’苹果园的果实矿质元素和品质指标进行调查分析,应用偏最小二乘回归变量投影重要性筛选影响果实品质因子的主要果实矿质元素和建立回归方程,线性规划方法求解‘富士’苹果优质的果实矿质元素含量优化方案。[结果]我国‘富士’苹果果实中不同矿质元素含量和品质差异较大,氮、铁、锌和硼的含量分别相差12.06、6.17、7.7和10.08倍,果实可滴定酸含量和固酸比分别相差2.33和2.16倍;果实品质与果实矿质元素含量的相关分析表明,果实氮含量与果实可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和着色面积呈极显著的负相关,果实中钙、铁含量与果实可溶性固形物含量和固酸比呈极显著的正相关;偏最小二乘回归的模型效应载荷和权重分析表明,果实氮和铁对果实综合品质性状影响较大,其次是果实中的磷、钾和钙;果实单果质量主要受果实中氮、磷、钾的影响,并与磷、钾含量有较大的正效应系数,而与氮含量有负的效应系数;变量投影重要性获得了果实可溶性固形物含量主要受果实中氮、钙和铁的影响,并与果实氮含量有最大的负效应系数,而与果实铁和钙有正效应系数。[结论]降低果实氮含量,提高果实铁、磷、钾和钙含量是提高‘富士’果实品质的重要技术措施。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the relationship between the quality of ’Fuji’ apple and the content of mineral elements in fruit, screen the main mineral elements which affect the quality of the fruit and set up the optimization program of the mineral element content of ’Fuji’ Reduce physical diseases orchard reasonable soil and foliar fertilization provide a theoretical basis. [Method] From 2010 to 2011, the mineral elements and quality indexes of 153 Joe ’Fuji’ apple orchards in 51 counties (cities) in apple producing areas of China were investigated and analyzed. The effects of partial least squares regression projection Fruit quality factor of the main fruits of the mineral elements and the establishment of regression equations, linear programming method to solve the ’Fuji’ apple fruit quality mineral element content optimization program. [Result] The content and quality of different mineral elements in ’Fuji’ apple fruit were quite different. The contents of nitrogen, iron, zinc and boron were 12.06, 6.17, 7.7 and 10.08 times respectively. The contents of titratable acid and solid- The difference between them was 2.33 and 2.16 times respectively. The correlation analysis between the fruit quality and the content of mineral elements in fruit showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the content of nitrogen in fruit and soluble solid content, solid-acid ratio and coloring area. The content of calcium and iron in fruit and fruit soluble Solid content and solid-acid ratio showed extremely significant positive correlation. Partial least-squares regression model load and weight analysis showed that nitrogen and iron in fruit had a significant effect on the comprehensive quality of fruits, followed by phosphorus and potassium in fruit Ca. Fruit quality was mainly affected by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fruit and positive effect coefficient with phosphorus and potassium content, but with negative effect coefficient with nitrogen content. The importance of variable projection obtained fruit solid content The content of matter is mainly affected by nitrogen, calcium and iron in fruit, and has the biggest negative effect coefficient with the nitrogen content of fruit, and positive effect coefficient with fruit iron and calcium. [Conclusion] Reducing the nitrogen content in fruit and increasing the contents of Fe, P, K and Ca in fruit were the important technical measures to improve the quality of ’Fuji’ fruit.