目的　探讨利用特异性核酸探针杂交分析法检测HLA等位基因的可行性。方法　 10例西南某地献血员 ,提取DNA后经PCR扩增 ,采用酶联探针免疫杂交分析法检测HLAⅠ和HLAⅡ等位基因。结果　 10例标本经检测HLAⅠ和HLAⅡ等位基因 ,表现为A 0 2、A 2 4、A 11、B 3 5、B 15、B 5 1、B 5 2、B 40、DRB1 110 1、DRB1 0 90 1、DQB1 0 3 0 3、DQB1 0 3 0 1等类型 ,为常见蒙古人种类型。结论　利用特异性核酸探针杂交分析法可方便快速地对HLA分型 ,值得推广使用。 Objective To explore the feasibility of using specific nucleic acid probe hybridization assay to detect HLA alleles. Methods Ten blood donors from a certain place in the southwest of China were collected and DNA was amplified by PCR. The HLA - Ⅰ and HLA Ⅱ alleles were detected by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The HLA - I and HLA  Ⅱ alleles were detected in 10 specimens and showed A 0 2, A 2 4, A 11, B 3 5, B 15, B 5 1, B 5 2, B 40, DRB 1101, DRB 1 0 90 1, DQB1 0 3 0 3, DQB1 0 3 0 1 and other types, common Mongolian ethnic types. Conclusion The specific nucleic acid probe hybridization assay can be used to classify HLA samples easily and rapidly, which is worth using widely.