在市场经济的条件下 ,铁路企业为了节约资金不得不采用能修复零部件和延长零部件使用寿命的工艺技术。与此同时 ,所建议采用的一些工艺和设备 ,包括等离子和激光处理工艺与设备 ,都具有很大的缺点 ,这些缺点限制了使用这些工艺和设备的可能性。首先 ,这类设备对于一定尺寸和各种金属的零件来说专业性过于狭窄 ;第二 ,这类工艺均需严格遵守加热—冷却规范 ,需要使用专用的熔剂和探伤设备 ;第三 ,为了采用这类工艺 ,需使用昂贵复杂、且耗能大的设备 ,为维护保养这些设备需要具有很高专业知识的专家 Under the conditions of a market economy, railway enterprises have to adopt technology that can repair parts and prolong the service life of parts in order to save money. At the same time, some of the proposed processes and equipment, including plasma and laser processes and equipment, have significant drawbacks that limit the possibilities of using these processes and equipment. First of all, this type of equipment is too narrowly specialized for parts of a certain size and various metals. Second, these processes require strict adherence to the heating-cooling specifications, require the use of special flux and testing equipment, and thirdly, Such processes require the use of expensive, complex, and energy-intensive equipment, requiring specialists with high expertise in the maintenance of these devices