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目的探讨超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的基因分型特点及其对抗生素的敏感性。方法选取2014年8月至2015年8月从佛山市南海区第四人民医院收治的不同住院患者,及其不同部位有效分离出来的大肠埃希菌100株和肺炎雷伯菌150株,对所有菌株实施科学化的分离与鉴定,然后采用纸片扩散的药敏实验方式来明确超广谱β-内酰胺酶的基因分型情况,观察所有菌株对抗生素药物的敏感情况。结果从大肠埃希菌100株和肺炎雷伯菌150株中确认出来的超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株有120株,其中40株大肠埃希菌中携带TEM型基因占45%,80株肺炎克雷伯菌单独携带有TEM型β-内酰胺酶基因占25%。此外,超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌对于头孢菌素类以及青霉素类抗生素的实际敏感性为0%~40%。结论超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌的基因分型以TEM型为主,且具有相对较强的耐药性。
Objective To investigate the genotyping characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Methods From August 2014 to August 2015, 100 inpatients with Escherichia coli and 150 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different inpatients admitted to the Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanhai District, Foshan City, Isolation and identification of strains to implement scientific, and then use disk diffusion drug susceptibility testing methods to identify the ESBLs-type genotypes, to observe the sensitivity of all strains of antibiotics. Results There were 120 strains of extended-spectrum β-lactamases identified from 100 strains of Escherichia coli and 150 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among them, 40 strains of Escherichia coli harbored 45% of TEM-type genes and 80 strains Klebsiella pneumoniae alone carries 25% of the TEM type β-lactamase gene. In addition, the actual sensitivity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria to cephalosporins and penicillins is 0% to 40%. Conclusion The genotype of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria is TEM-based and has relatively strong resistance.